Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
The distribution of sample characteristics of Jozini’s small-scale farmers
| Characteristics | Summary N (%) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 2 |
| N | 53 |
| Inadequate markets in rural areas (Hinder~1) | |
| No | 3 (5.70) |
| Yes | 50 (94.30) |
| Availability and accessibility of adequate infrastructure (Hinder~2) | |
| No | 4 (7.50) |
| Yes | 49 (92.50) |
| Irrigation (Hinder~3) | |
| No | 7 (13.20) |
| Yes | 46 (86.80) |
| Technological barriers and asymmetry of market information (Hinder~4) | |
| No | 6 (11.30) |
| Yes | 47 (88.70) |
| Agro-food market requirements (Hinder~5) | |
| No | 21 (39.60) |
| Yes | 32 (60.40) |
| Transaction costs (Hinder~6) | |
| No | 4 (7.50) |
| Yes | 49 (92.50) |
| Investment (Hinder~7) | |
| No | 5 (9.40) |
| Yes | 48 (90.60) |
| Market access initiatives (Hinder~8) | |
| No | 4 (7.50) |
| Yes | 49 (92.50) |
| How much does the market access challenge affect small-scale farmers in Jozini? | |
| Not significant | 0 (0.0) |
| Slightly significant | 0 (0.0) |
| Moderately significant | 1 (2.0) |
| Significant | 1 (2.0) |
| Very significant | 48 (96.0) |
| How many interventions have been implemented to tackle the market access challenges? | |
| One | 11 (22.0) |
| Two | 19 (38.0) |
| Three | 19 (38.0) |
| Four | 1 (2.0) |
| How much of your produce do you sell on the informal market? (mean, SD) | 85.1 (22.8) |
| What percent of these interventions have been effective (mean, SD) | 29.4 (11.7) |
The Association of hindrance index on the rating of market access interventions effectiveness
| Group | Observations | Mean | 95% confidence interval | Standard deviation | Levene’s test | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hindrance presence | 31 | 26.4 | 21.8 | 31.0 | 12.5 | p = 0.077 |
| Hindrance absent | 19 | 34.2 | 30.2 | 38.2 | 8.4 | |
| Combined | 50 | 29.4 | 26.0 | 32.7 | 11.7 | T-test |
| Difference | −7.8 | −14.4 | −1.3 | p = 0.020 | ||
Association between hindrances affecting small-scale farmers’ access
| Variables | Hindrance | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ~1 | ~2 | ~3 | ~4 | ~5 | ~6 | ~7 | ~8 | |
| Hindrance~1 | Ref | |||||||
| Hindrance~2 | <0.001 | Ref | ||||||
| Hindrance~3 | 0.001 | 0.006 | Ref | |||||
| Hindrance~4 | 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.025 | Ref | ||||
| Hindrance~5 | 0.057 | 0.020 | 0.001 | 0.031 | Ref | |||
| Hindrance~6 | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.006 | 0.003 | 0.020 | Ref | ||
| Hindrance~7 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.007 | 0.002 | Ref | |
| Hindrance~8 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.006 | <0.001 | 0.020 | 0.002 | <0.001 | Ref |