Fig. 1.
Countries with the highest cumulative FDI in 2004 and 2023
| Ranking | 2004 | 2023 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | USD billion | Country | USD billion | |
| 1 | USA | 2 717.4 | USA | 12 817.1 |
| 2 | Germany | 728.0 | China | 3 659.6 |
| 3 | United Kingdom | 659.8 | United Kingdom | 3 048.9 |
| 4 | Canada | 544.1 | Netherlands | 2 678.2 |
| 5 | Netherlands | 519.5 | Singapore | 2 632.4 |
| 6 | China, Hong Kong SAR | 427.1 | China. Hong Kong SAR | 2 107.0 |
| 7 | Spain | 407.5 | Canada | 1 665.8 |
| 8 | France | 403.4 | Ireland | 1 410.1 |
| 9 | Australia | 291.0 | Luxembourg | 1 183.7 |
| 10 | China | 245.5 | Switzerland | 1 136.8 |
Number of enterprises and employment in enterprises with foreign capital in Poland and shares by economic sectors of the economy in 2005 and 2023
| Sectors of the economy | Number of enterprises | Number of people working | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 | 2023 | 2005 | 2023 | |
| thousand | ||||
| Agricultural sector | 0.5 | . | 6.6 | . |
| Industrial sector | 5.1 | 5.4 | 682.3 | 988.6 |
| Service sector | 11.2 | 19.5 | 1186.1 | 1232.4 |
| Total | 16.8 | 24.9 | 1875.0 | 2221.0 |
| % | ||||
| Agricultural sector | 3.2 | . | 0.4 | . |
| Industrial sector | 30.3 | 21.7 | 36.4 | 44.5 |
| Service sector | 66.5 | 78.3 | 63.2 | 55.5 |
FDI inflows to Poland between 2004 and 2023 by region of origin*
| Years | Total | Europe | Asia | North America | Latin America | Africa | Oceania |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| USD million | |||||||
| 2004 | 12.4 | 11.1 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.7 | (0.0) | (0.0) |
| 2023 | 28.5 | 28.0 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.02 |
| % | |||||||
| 2004 | 100.0 | 89.8 | 3.3 | 1.2 | 5.3 | (0.0) | (0.0) |
| 2023 | 100.0 | 98.3 | 1.4 | 0.1 | (0.0) | 0.16 | 0.08 |
Countries with the largest FDI inflows to Poland in 2004 and 2023 ($ billion)
| Lp. | 2004 | 2023 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | USD billion | % | State | USD billion | % | |
| 1. | France | 3.4 | 27.5 | Netherlands | 8.1 | 28.5 |
| 2. | Netherlands | 2.4 | 19.1 | United Kingdom | 5.9 | 20.7 |
| 3. | Germany | 1.3 | 10.4 | Ireland | 3.2 | 11.1 |
| 4. | Austria | 0.8 | 6.2 | Germany | 2.3 | 8.2 |
| 5. | Sweden | 0.6 | 5.1 | France | 2.0 | 7.2 |
| 6. | Belgium | 0.6 | 4.7 | Spain | 2.0 | 6.9 |
| 7. | Cyprus | 0.5 | 4.3 | Malta | 1.1 | 3.9 |
| 8. | Italy | 0.5 | 4.3 | Czech Republic | 0.7 | 2.3 |
| 9. | Luxembourg | 0.4 | 3.2 | Sweden | 0.6 | 2.3 |
| 10. | United Kingdom | 0.4 | 3.1 | Belgium | 0.6 | 2.1 |
| Other countries | 1.5 | 12.2 | Other countries | 1.9 | 6.8 | |
| Total | 12.4 | 100.0 | Total | 28.5 | 100.0 | |
Countries with the highest FDI inflows in 2004 and 2023
| Ranking | 2004 | 2023 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | USD billion | Country | USD billion | |
| 1 | USA | 135.8 | USA | 310.9 |
| 2 | United Kingdom | 61.2 | China | 163.3 |
| 3 | China | 60.6 | Singapore | 159.7 |
| 4 | Belgium | 43.6 | China. Hong Kong SAR | 112.7 |
| 5 | Australia | 39.6 | Brazil | 65.9 |
| 6 | China, Hong Kong SAR | 29.2 | Canada | 50.3 |
| 7 | British Virgin Islands | 28.3 | France | 42.0 |
| 8 | Mexico | 25.0 | British Virgin Islands | 39.9 |
| 9 | Spain | 24.8 | Germany | 36.7 |
| 10 | Singapore | 22.3 | Mexico | 36.1 |
Inflow and cumulative value of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Poland by economic sector in 2004 and 2023
| Sectors of the economy | FDI inflows | The cumulative value of FDI | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2004 | 2023 | 2004 | 2023 | |
| USD billion | ||||
| Agricultural sector | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 1.4 |
| Industrial sector | 5.4 | 7.1 | 35.6 | 115.4 |
| Service sector | 6.9 | 21.3 | 49.2 | 228.7 |
| Total | 12.4 | 28.5 | 85.2 | 345.5 |
| % | ||||
| Agricultural sector | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
| Industrial sector | 43.3 | 25.0 | 41.8 | 33.4 |
| Service sector | 56.0 | 74.5 | 57.7 | 66.2 |
Cumulative FDI in Poland from 2004 to 2023 by region of origin*
| Years | Total | Europe | Asia | North America | Latin America | Africa | Oceania |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| USD million | |||||||
| 2004 | 85.5 | 76.2 | 1.4 | 6.4 | 1.3 | (0.0) | (0.0) |
| 2023 | 345.5 | 326.0 | 13.5 | 5.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
| % | |||||||
| 2004 | 100.0 | 89.2 | 1.6 | 7.5 | 1.5 | (0.0) | (0.0) |
| 2023 | 100.0 | 94.4 | 3.9 | 1.5 | (0.0) | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Countries with the highest cumulative value of FDI in Poland in 2004 and 2023 (billion USD)
| Lp. | 2004 | 2023 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | USD billion | % | State | USD billion | % | |
| 1. | Netherlands | 20.2 | 23.6 | Netherlands | 65.0 | 18.8 |
| 2. | Germany | 14.2 | 16.6 | Germany | 57.3 | 16.6 |
| 3. | France | 11.4 | 13.4 | Luxembourg | 43.8 | 12.7 |
| 4. | USA | 6.2 | 7.3 | France | 24.8 | 7.2 |
| 5. | Austria | 4.3 | 5.0 | Spain | 18.8 | 5.4 |
| 6. | Sweden | 3.5 | 4.1 | United Kingdom | 18.6 | 5.4 |
| 7. | Italy | 3.3 | 3.9 | Austria | 12.4 | 3.6 |
| 8. | Belgium | 3.1 | 3.7 | Belgium | 11.5 | 3.3 |
| 9. | United Kingdom | 2.6 | 3.0 | Cyprus | 11.4 | 3.3 |
| 10. | Dishes | 2.5 | 2.9 | Switzerland | 8.4 | 2.4 |
| Other countries | 14.2 | 16.6 | Other countries | 73.4 | 21.2 | |
| Total | 85.5 | 100.0 | Total | 345.5 | 100.0 | |