Fig. 1.
Gross margins from processed and unprocessed sunflower seeds trading
| Details | Mean values (95% confidence interval) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unprocessed seeds | edible oil | seed cake | value added | |
| Revenue | n = 317 (100%) | n = 82 (33.33%) | n = 82 (66.67%) | n = 82 (100%) |
| Yields (kg/l/acre) | 643.00 | 112.50 | 225.00 | 337.50 |
| Price (TZS/kg/l) | 1,400.00 | 5,200.00 | 700.00 | 5,900.00 |
| Total revenue/acre | 900,200.00 | 585,000.00 | 157,500.00 | 742,500.00 |
| Production cost | ||||
| Input seeds (TZS/acre) | 14,456.00 | 4,199.58 | 8,400.42 | 12,600 |
| Farm preparation (TZS/acre) | 38,443.71 | 12,258.56 | 24,520.79 | 36,779.35 |
| First weeding (TZS/acre) | 39,456.95 | 13,882.63 | 27,769.44 | 41,652.07 |
| Second weeding (TZS/acre) | 10,629.14 | 3,285.09 | 6,571.18 | 9,856.27 |
| Booster (TZS/acre) | 3,576.16 | 1,481.83 | 2,964.11 | 4,445.94 |
| Manure/fertilizer (TZS/acre) | 62,450.33 | 21,950.41 | 43,907.41 | 65,857.82 |
| Sowing (TZS/acre) | 22,549.27 | 8,049.99 | 16,102.39 | 24,152.38 |
| Chemical application /acre | 7,523.58 | 2,395.18 | 4,791.09 | 7,186.27 |
| Bird scaring (TZS/acre) | 28,537.80 | 9,511.65 | 19,026.15 | 28,537.80 |
| Harvesting (TZS/acre) | 58,443.71 | 20,054.66 | 40,115.34 | 60,170 |
| Processing (TZS/acre) | 0.00 | 14,998.50 | 30,001.50 | 45,000.00 |
| Packaging (sacks/gallons) | 9,185.71 | 11,000.00 | 2,500.00 | 11,000.00 |
| Cess (TZS) | 10,000.00 | 3,333.00 | 6,667.00 | 10,000.00 |
| Transport | 5,000.00 | 1,666.50 | 3,333.50 | 5,000.00 |
| Total PC | 310,252.36 | 128,067.59 | 236,670.31 | 362,237.90 |
| Unit Revenue (TZS/kg/l) | 1,400.00 | 5,200.00 | 700.00 | 5,900.00 |
| Unit Overheads (TZS/kg/l) | 482.51 | 357.73 | 715.57 | 1,073.30 |
| Unit GM (TZS/kg/l) | 917.49 | 4,842.27 | −15.57 | 4,826.70 |
| GM per acre (TZS/acre) | 455,094.60 | 2,401,862.74 | −7,721.76 | 2,394,140.98 |