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Political Decisions about Tariffs and Agro-Based Listings on the London, Johannesburg and Euronext Amsterdam Stock Exchanges: Case of Naked Wines, British American Tobacco, Heineken and Premier Group Limited Cover

Political Decisions about Tariffs and Agro-Based Listings on the London, Johannesburg and Euronext Amsterdam Stock Exchanges: Case of Naked Wines, British American Tobacco, Heineken and Premier Group Limited

Open Access
|Sep 2025

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

US reciprocal tariff ratesSource: Glauber et al., 2025.
US reciprocal tariff ratesSource: Glauber et al., 2025.

Fig. 2.

Share of agricultural exports to the US in 2023Source: Glauber et al., 2025.
Share of agricultural exports to the US in 2023Source: Glauber et al., 2025.

Fig. 3.

Export value of selected agricultural products from (a) South Africa, (b) United Kingdom and (c) Netherlands to the US (1986–2023)Source: FAOSTAT, 2025.
Export value of selected agricultural products from (a) South Africa, (b) United Kingdom and (c) Netherlands to the US (1986–2023)Source: FAOSTAT, 2025.

Fig. 4.

Daily closing stock prices for (a) Naked Wines, (b) British American Tobacco, (c) Heineken, and (d) Premier Group Limited (The shaded area represents the time between President Donald Trump’s inauguration on the 20th of January 2025 and the tariff-effective day on the 2nd of April 2025.Source: BAT, 2025; Heineken, 2025; Naked Wines, 2025; Premier Group Limited, 2025.
Daily closing stock prices for (a) Naked Wines, (b) British American Tobacco, (c) Heineken, and (d) Premier Group Limited (The shaded area represents the time between President Donald Trump’s inauguration on the 20th of January 2025 and the tariff-effective day on the 2nd of April 2025.Source: BAT, 2025; Heineken, 2025; Naked Wines, 2025; Premier Group Limited, 2025.

Fig. 5.

Daily exchange rates against the US DollarSource: Fxtop, 2025a, 2025b, 2025c.
Daily exchange rates against the US DollarSource: Fxtop, 2025a, 2025b, 2025c.

Chow Test results

Descriptive statistics

MinimumMaximumMeanStd. DeviationSkewnessKurtosis
Naked Wines (GBP)439255.299.121.643.06
British American Tobacco (GBP)263133942983.53181.84−0.15−0.46
Heineken (EUR)64.0882.2872.905.000.12−1.28
Premier Group Limited (ZAR)103761360012127.50709.21−0.37−0.58
EUR/USD1.021.131.060.020.47−0.78
ZAR/USD0.050.060.050.00−0.04−0.25
GBP/USD1.211.321.270.02−0.24−0.89
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17306/j.jard.2025.00017r2 | Journal eISSN: 1899-5772 | Journal ISSN: 1899-5241
Language: English
Page range: 257 - 265
Accepted on: Jun 23, 2025
Published on: Sep 30, 2025
Published by: The University of Life Sciences in Poznań
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2025 Saul Ngarava, Alois Aldridge Mugadza, Thulani Ningi, Peter Mukarumbwa, published by The University of Life Sciences in Poznań
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.