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Fig. 8a
Fig. 8b
Fig. 9.
Socioeconomics characteristics of the female farmers
| Category | Frequency | Percentage | Mean | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | > 40 | 55 | 35.7 | 38.3 |
| ≤ 40 | 99 | 64.3 | ||
| Education (years) | > 9 | 74 | 48 | 9.4 |
| ≤ 9 | 80 | 52 | ||
| Household size | > 10 | 19 | 12.3 | 7.2 |
| ≤ 10 | 156 | 87.7 | ||
| Females in family | ≥ 3 | 71 | 46 | 2.8 |
| < 3 | 83 | 54 | ||
| Marital status | single | 8 | 5.2 | |
| married | 133 | 86.4 | ||
| divorced | 3 | 1.9 | ||
| widow | 10 | 6.5 | ||
| Main occupation | daily wage | 80 | 52 | |
| pensioner | 5 | 3.2 | ||
| salary employee | 19 | 12.3 | ||
| farming only | 50 | 32.5 |
Motivation statements
| Code | Statements/factors | Contextual |
|---|---|---|
| _f1 | My Farm outputs (yield) have been increasing | Intrinsic |
| _f2 | Farmers association has been supportive | External |
| _f3 | Farming is interesting | Intrinsic |
| _f4 | I can put more effort into my farm | Intrinsic |
| _f5 | I can speak comfortably about the challenges in public | Intrinsic |
| _f6 | Farming is profitable | Intrinsic |
| _f7 | My community has been supportive | External |
| _f8 | I learn from other farmers | Intrinsic |
| _f9 | My family has been supportive (morally/financially) | External |
| _f10 | I think of expanding the farm scale | Intrinsic |
| _f11 | I am confident I can do better than most farmers | Intrinsic |
| _f12 | I farm based on the demand in my community | External |
| _f13 | I farm according to the profit I can get | Intrinsic |
| _f14 | I farm based on the needs of my family | Intrinsic |
| _f15 | Household chores impedes optimal farm management | External |
| _f16 | My husband helps me in my farming activities | External |
| _f17 | The females in the family help me in some farming activities | External |
| _f18 | I farm for social recognition | External |
| _f19 | Government policy and Programs encourages me to farm | External |
| _f20 | I am into farming for the Need for additional family income | Intrinsic |
Farm-related information
| Category | Frequency | Percentage | Mean | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Land (ha) | ≥ 2 | 48 | 31.2 | 1.6 ha |
| < 2 | 106 | 68.8 | ||
| Distance to farm | ≥ 3 km | 43 | 28 | 3 km |
| < 3 km | 111 | 72 | ||
| Participation in farmers association | no | 123 | 80 | |
| yes | 31 | 20 | ||
| Received training | no | 109 | 70.8 | |
| yes | 45 | 29.2 | ||
| Contacted extension agent | no | 45 | 29.2 | |
| yes | 109 | 70.8 |
Regression analysis of factors motivating female farmers
| Farm scale | Coef. | SE | t | p>|t| | [95% Confidence | Interval] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 2.8667 | 0. 3833 | 7.48 | 0.000 | 2.1092 | 3.6242 |
| Education | 0.0517 | 0.0231 | 2.24 | 0.027 | 0. 0061 | 0.0974 |
| Off-farm jobs | –0.4641 | 0.2186 | –2.12 | 0.035 | –0.8961 | –0.0321 |
| Extension | 0.3810 | 0.2260 | 1.69 | 0.094 | –0.0656 | 0.8267 |
| Land size | 0.1035 | 0.0602 | 1.72 | 0.088 | –0.0155 | 0. 2226 |
| Sociable (comp1) | 0.1447 | 0.0374 | 3.87 | 0.000 | 0.0707 | 0.2187 |
| Subsistence (comp3) | –0.2109 | 0. 0613 | –3.44 | 0.001 | –0.3321 | –0.0898 |
| Association support (comp6) | –0.2150 | 0.0721 | –2.98 | 0.003 | –0.3575 | –0.0725 |
| _constant | 2.6178 | 1.4508 | 1.80 | 0.073 | –0.2496 | 5.4852 |
| Number of observations = 154, F(8,145) = 13.25, R2 = 0.4223 | ||||||