Impact of Access to Traditional Market Information on Household Commercialisation and Farm Income of Smallholder Cowpea Farmers

Abbas Shehu; Muhammad Ibrahim Kadafur; Fidelis Dutse

doi:10.17306/J.JARD.2024.00004R1

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Impact of Access to Traditional Market Information on Household Commercialisation and Farm Income of Smallholder Cowpea Farmers

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development

Volume 74 (2024): Issue 4 (December 2024)

By: Abbas Shehu , Muhammad Ibrahim Kadafur and Fidelis Dutse

Open Access

|Dec 2024

Figures & Tables

Conceptual framework showing the impact of traditional market information sources on HCI and farm income
Source: own elaboration.

Map of Borno State showing the study area
Source: authors, 2024.

Table 1.

Descriptive statistic of continuous variables by treatment

Variable	Accessed	Not-accessed	T-value	Df	Mean difference
Variable	mean (n = 228)	mean (n = 365)	T-value	Df	Mean difference
Age (years)	45.1	45.6	−0.4	591	−0.5 (1.2)
Education (years)	8.90	7.41	3.0***	591	1.5 (0.5)
Farming experience (years)	21.66	21.7	−0.2	591	−0.2 (1.0)
Household size (person)	8.61	8.14	1.4	591	0.5 (0.3)
Farm income (₦)	317 848.9	379 724.1	−1.4	591	−61 875.2 (45 725.8)
Expenditure (₦)	187 713.4	192 194.6	−0.4	591	−4 481.2 (12 056.6)
Farm size (ha)	0.9	0.8	1.6	591	0.1 (0.1)
Value of cowpea harvest (₦)	262 265.4	308 117.7	−1.1	591	−45 852.4 (40 609.5)
Amount of cowpea sold (₦)	144 887.7	187 119.9	−1.6	591	−42 232.2 (26 715.8)
Household commercialization index (%)	53.9	55.6	−1.1	591	−1.7 (1.6)

[i] Source: own elaboration.

Table 2.

Descriptive statistic of nominal variables by treatment

not accessed	accessed
Sex	Female	Observed frequency	90^a	60^a	150	9.401^a	1	0.002
		Expected frequency	92.33	57.67	150
	Male	Observed frequency	275^a	168^a	443
		Expected frequency	272.67	170.33	443
	Total	Observed frequency	365	228	593
		Expected frequency	365	228	593
Group membership	Non-member	Observed frequency	188^a	88^b	276	9.401^a	1	0.002
		Expected frequency	169.88	106.12	276
	Member	Observed frequency	177^a	140^b	317
		Expected frequency	195.12	121.88	317
	Total	Observed frequency	365	228	593
		Expected frequency	365	228	593

aandb shows a statistical difference between access to market information and otherwise.

Source: own elaboration.

Table 3.

Traditional market information sources

Market information	Frequency^*	%
Fellow farmer	355	37.81
Family/friends	329	35.04
Agro-dealer	101	10.76
Farmers' group	61	6.5
Government extension agent	39	4.15
Radio	32	3.41
Private extension/NGOs	18	1.92
Market agent	4	0.43
Total	939	100

* Multiple responses.

Source: own elaboration.

Table 4.

Propensity score matching of the respondents

Variable	Coef.	S.E	Z-value
Age	−0.0037	0.0069	−0.53
Sex	−0.5016	0.1593	−3.15***
Marital status	0.5959	0.2040	2.92***
Education	0.0267	0.0102	2.62***
Farming experience	0.0070	0.0084	0.83
Household size	0.0050	0.0139	0.36
Farm size	0.1615	0.0844	1.91*
Group membership	0.2761	0.1118	2.47**
Farm income	−1.91e-07	1.13e-07	−1.69*
Expenditure	−1.91e-07	1.13e-07	−0.38
Constant	−0.8731	0.3050	−2.86
Log likelihood	−374.37
LR chi² (10)	35.59***
Pseudo R²	0.045

[i] Source: own elaboration.

Table 5.

Impact of market information on cowpea farmers' household commercialisation

Matching method	Treatment	Control	ATT	Std. err.	T-value
Nearest neighbour	227	146	−0.547	2.199	−0.249
Radius	227	354	−1.497	1.535	−0.975
Stratification	227	354	−0.731	1.529	−0.478
Kernel	227	354	−0.827	1.574	−0.525

[i] Source: own elaboration.

Table 6.

Impact of marketing information on cowpea farmers' farm income

Matching method	Treatment	Control	ATT	Std. err.	T-value
Nearest neighbour	227	146	24 583.92	44 760.96	0.549
Radius	227	354	−654.394	37 042.94	−0.018
Stratification	227	354	10 490.99	34 490.75	0.304
Kernel	227	354	7 643.295	40 573.52	0.188

[i] Source: own elaboration.

Table 7.

Impact of traditional market information on household commercialisation and farm income

Variable	Matching algorithms	Household commercialization index				Farm income
Variable	Matching algorithms	No. of treated	No. of control	ATT	No. of treated	No. of control	ATT
Family/friends	Kernel	328	258	1.978 (1.668)	328	258	78,322.227 (43558.99)^*
	Stratification	322	257	1.852 (1.574)	322	257	39,246.196 (38303.202)
	Radius	328	258	1.688 (1.594)	328	258	96,446.012 (43416.320)^**
	Nearest neighbor	328	158	1.537 (2.193)	328	158	74,872.091 (56849.034)
Radio	Kernel	32	505	−4.116 (3.550)	32	505	−73000 (34741.877)^**
	Stratification	32	505	−3.567 (3.908)	32	505	−75,500 (34091.713)^**
	Radius	32	505	−4.423 (3.682)	32	505	−76400 (35727.559)^**
	Nearest neighbor	32	30	−1.680 (5.139)	32	30	−294,000 (209,000)
Agro-dealer	Kernel	99	478	−1.322 (2.351)	99	478	−42400 (29749.645)
	Stratification	99	478	−1.215 (2.077)	99	478	−49100 (31911.602)
	Radius	99	478	−1.481 (2.151)	99	478	−36200 (33417.561)
	Nearest neighbor	99	92	−1.588 (2.897)	99	92	−42200 (42067.008)
Fellow farmer	Kernel	353	235	−0.008 (1.860)	353	235	42384.078 (43579.499)
	Stratification	348	232	−0.088 (1.595)	348	232	−7423.472 (34368.802)
	Radius	353	235	−0.403 (1.612)	353	235	40837.476 (41625.786)
	Nearest neighbor	353	165	−0.006 (1.954)	353	165	29790.229 (47964.206)
Farmers' group	Kernel	61	496	−3.5 (2.715)	61	496	22279.666 (44574.657)
	Stratification	61	496	−3.835 (2.569)	61	496	17268.522 (39049.190)
	Radius	61	496	−3.744 (2.644)	61	496	18458.284 (38370.516)
	Nearest neighbor	61	56	−4.426 (3.222)	61	56	14663.115 (47312.762)
Government extension agent	Kernel	39	505	2.682 (3.613)	39	505	−130000 (60171.328)^**
	Stratification	37	499	3.764 (3.749)	37	499	−95700 (41706.487)^**
	Radius	39	505	2.737 (3.683)	39	505	−67400 (42508.149)
	Nearest neighbor	39	34	9.903 (5.019)	39	34	−429000 (251,000)^*
Private extension/NGOs	Kernel	18	481	−7.025 (4.414)	18	481	51761.348 (68591.872)
	Stratification	18	481	−6.75 (4.673)	18	481	31591.209 (55124.718)
	Radius	18	481	−7.038 (4.948)	18	481	63716.311 (80036.586)
	Nearest neighbor	18	17	−5.444 (6.129)	18	17	67594.444 (88942.490)
Market agent	Kernel	4	226	3.855 (2.866)	4	226	447000 (391,000)
	Stratification	–	–	–	–	–	–
	Radius	4	226	4.001 (2.128)^*	4	226	453000 (398,000)
	Nearest neighbor	4	4	9 (15.426)	4	4	598000 (402,000)

** sig. 5%,

* sig. 10%. – did not found matchable stratum

Source: own elaboration.

References

Authors

Metrics

Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17306/J.JARD.2024.00004R1 | Journal eISSN: 1899-5772 | Journal ISSN: 1899-5241

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Language: English

Page range: 402 - 413

Accepted on: Nov 5, 2024

Published on: Dec 31, 2024

Published by: Poznań University of Life Science

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

Keywords:

welfare,

propensity score matching,

market channels,

farmers' direct market,

agricultural information system

Related subjects:

Business and economics,

Political economics,

Political economics, other,

Business management,

Business management, other,

Life sciences,

Life sciences, other,

Social sciences,

Political science,

Political science, other

© 2024 Abbas Shehu, Muhammad Ibrahim Kadafur, Fidelis Dutse, published by Poznań University of Life Science
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 74 (2024): Issue 4 (December 2024)

Impact of Access to Traditional Market Information on Household Commercialisation and Farm Income of Smallholder Cowpea Farmers

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Table 1.

Table 2.

Table 3.

Table 4.

Table 5.

Table 6.

Table 7.

Paradigm

My account