Figure 1
Cruise tracks and sea surface temperature along the tracks of (a), SOGASEX project in Southern Ocean in year 2008; (b), HIWINGS project at Labrador Sea in 2013; (c), CAPRICORN project in Southern Ocean in 2016; (d), DYNAMO project in Indian Ocean during 2011–2012.
Figure 2
Dimensionless CO2 transfer velocity versus (a), RHM · (1+Ũ) in equation (4); (b), bT · RHM · (1+Ũ) in equation (9); (d), bT in equation (10). Panel (c) shows the cubic relationship between dimensionless bubble injection rate Ṽb = Vb/Uwm and RHM based on the measurements from HIWINGS.
Figure 3
(a), dimensional CO2 transfer velocity K660 versus 10m wind speed and predictions of wind-only parameterizations. (b), K660 versus the hybrid parameter RH in equation (2). In panel (b), black solid line denotes the fitting result of all data. Blue and green dashed lines represent RH parameterizations proposed by Brumer et al. (2017) and Woolf (2005), respectively.
Figure 4
(a), Non-dimensional CO2 transfer velocity versus RHM · (1+ Ũ). (b), Dimensional CO2 transfer velocity K660 versus 10m wind speed. Black solid line in each panel is the result of log-log fit.