Surprises in Physical Oceanography: Contributions from Ocean Acoustic Tomography

Brian D. Dushaw

doi:10.16993/tellusa.39

Surprises in Physical Oceanography: Contributions from Ocean Acoustic Tomography

Tellus

Volume 74 (2022): Issue 1

By: Brian D. Dushaw

Open Access

|Mar 2022

Alford, M. 2003. Redistribution of energy available for ocean mixing by long-range propagation of internal waves. Nature, 423: 159–162. DOI: 10.1038/nature01628
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Alford, M, MacKinnon, J, Simmons, H and Nash, J. 2016. Near-inertial internal gravity waves in the ocean. Annual Review of Marine Science, 8: 95–123. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-010814-015746
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Angel, MV, Smith, RL, Ray, RD and Woodworth, PL. (eds.) 1997. Tidal Science In Honour of David E. Cartwright. Prog. Oceanogr., 40: 1–438 pp.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Antonov, JI, et al. 2010. World Ocean Atlas 2009, Volume 2: Salinity, Vol. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 69. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 184 pp.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
ATOC Consortium. 1998. Heat content changes in the Pacific Ocean. Science, 281: 1327–1332. DOI: 10.1126/science.281.5381.1327
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
ATOC Consortium. 1999. Reply to K. Kelly, et al., “Heat content changes in the Pacific Ocean”. Science, 284: 1735–1735. DOI: 10.1126/science.284.5421.1735a
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bennett, AF. 1992. Inverse Methods in Physical Oceanography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 347 pp. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511600807
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Carrere, L, et al. 2021. Accuracy assessment of global internal-tide models using satellite altimetry. Ocean Sci., 17: 147–180. DOI: 10.5194/os-17-147-2021
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Carter, G, et al. 2008. Energetics of M2 barotropic-to-baroclinic tidal conversion at the Hawaiian Islands. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 38: 2205–2223. DOI: 10.1175/2008JPO3860.1
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Chen, C and Millero, FJ. 1977. Speed of sound in seawater at high pressures. J. Acous. Soc. Am., 62: 1129–1135. DOI: 10.1121/1.381646
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Cheney, R, Miller, L, Agreen, R, Doyle, N and Lillibridge, J. 1994. TOPEX/POSEIDON: The 2-cm solution. J. Geophys. Res., 99: 24 555–24 563. DOI: 10.1029/94JC02050
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Chester, D, Malanotte-Rizzoli, P, Lynch, J and Wunsch, C. 1994. The eddy radiation field of the Gulf Stream as measured by ocean acoustic tomography. Geophys. Res. Lett., 21: 181–184. DOI: 10.1029/93GL02807
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Colosi, JA. 2016. Sound Transmission Through a Fluctuating Ocean. Cambridge, Great Britain: Cambridge University Press, 420 pp.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Colosi, JA and Coauthors. 2005. Analysis of multipath acoustic field variability and coherence in the finale of broadband basin-scale transmissions in the North Pacific Ocean. J. Acous. Soc. Am., 117: 1538–1564. DOI: 10.1121/1.1854615
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Cornuelle, BD, et al. 1993. Ocean acoustic tomography at 1000-km range using wavefronts measured with a large-aperture vertical array. J. Geophys. Res., Oceans, 98(16): 365–377. DOI: 10.1029/93JC01246
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Cornuelle, BD, Munk, W and Worcester, P. 1989. Ocean acoustic tomography from ships. J. Geophys. Res., Oceans, 94: 6232–5250. DOI: 10.1029/JC094iC05p06232
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Del Grosso, VA. 1974. New equation for speed of sound in natural waters (with comparisons to other equations). J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 56: 1084–1091. DOI: 10.1121/1.1903388
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Duda, T, et al. 1992. Measured wavefront fluctuations in 1000-km pulse propagation in the pacific ocean. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 92: 939–955. DOI: 10.1121/1.403964
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Duda, TF, Lin, Y-T, Buijsman, M and Newhall, AE. 2018. Internal tidal modal ray refraction and energy ducting in baroclinic Gulf Stream currents. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 48: 1969–1993. DOI: 10.1175/JPO-D-18-0031.1
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dushaw, B and Rehm, E. 2016. Acoustic Tomography in Baffin Bay: A Preliminary Survey. Tech. Rep. Report No. 375, NERSC, 33 pp. URL https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313844561_Acoustic_Tomography_in_Baffin_Bay_A_Preliminary_Survey. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.15772.28806
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dushaw, BD. 1992. The 1987. gyre scale reciprocal acoustic tomography experiment. Ph.D. thesis, University of California, San Diego, 172 pp.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dushaw, BD. 1999a. Inversion of multimegameter range acoustic data for ocean temperature. IEEE J. Oceanic Engineering, 24: 215–223. DOI: 10.1109/48.757272
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dushaw, BD. 1999b. On Tomography, Measurement Functionals, a Shallow-Water Model, and Representers; Or, What I Did Last Summer. Univ. of Washington, Unpublished notes, 16 pp. URL https://staff.washington.edu/dushaw/epubs/tomo_reps.pdf.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dushaw, BD. 2002. Mapping low-mode internal tides near hawaii using topex/poseidon altimeter data. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29. DOI: 10.1029/2001GL013944
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dushaw, BD. 2003. On the mapping and wavenumber resolution of line-integral data for observations of low-mode internal tides. J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 20: 1043–1059. DOI: 10.1175/1458.1
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dushaw, BD. 2006. Mode-1 internal tides in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res. Part I, 53: 449–473. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr.2005.12.009
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dushaw, BD. 2008. Another look at the 1960 Perth to Bermuda long-range acoustic propagation experiment. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35: L08 601. DOI: 10.1029/2008GL033415
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dushaw, BD. 2013. Ocean acoustic tomography. Encyclopedia of Remote Sensing, Njoku, EG (ed.). Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 8. DOI: 10.1007/SpringerReference
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dushaw, BD. 2014. Assessing the horizontal refraction of ocean acoustic tomography signals using high-resolution ocean state estimates. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 136: 1–8. DOI: 10.1121/1.4881928
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dushaw, BD. 2015a. An empirical model for mode-1 internal tides derived from satellite altimetry: Computing accurate tidal predictions at arbitrary points over the world oceans. Tech. Rep. Technical Memorandum TM 1-15, Applied Physics Laboratory, Seattle, WA: University of Washington, 114 pp. URL http://www.apl.washington.edu/project/project.php?id=tm\_1-15.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dushaw, BD. 2015b. Wigwam reverberation revisited. Bull. Seismo. Soc. Am., 105: 2242–2249. DOI: 10.1785/0120150024
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dushaw, BD. 2019. Ocean acoustic tomography in the North Atlantic. J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 136: 183–202. DOI: 10.1175/JTECH-D-18-0082.1
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dushaw, BD, et al. 1999. Multimegameter-range acoustic data obtained by bottom-mounted hydrophone arrays for measurement of ocean temperature. IEEE J. Oceanic Engineering, 24: 202–214. DOI: 10.1109/48.757271
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dushaw, BD, et al., 2009. A decade of acoustic thermometry in the North Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., Oceans, 114: C07021. DOI: 10.1029/2008JC005124
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dushaw, BD and Co-authors. 2001. Observing the ocean in the 2000’s: A strategy for the role of acoustic tomography in ocean climate observation. Observing the Oceans in the 21st Century, Koblinsky, CJ and Smith, NR (eds.). Melbourne: GODAE Project Office and Bureau of Meteorology, 391–418 pp. URL http://staff.washington.edu/dushaw/epubs/OceanObs99Paper.pdf.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dushaw, BD and Co-authors. 2010. A global ocean acoustic observing network. Proceedings of OceanObs’09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society (Vol. 2), Hall, J, Harrison, DE and Stammer, D (eds.). Venice, Italy: ESA Publication WPP-306, 13. URL http://www.oceanobs09.net/proceedings/cwp/Dushaw-OceanObs09.cwp.25.pdf. DOI: 10.5270/OceanObs09.cwp.25
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dushaw, BD, Egbert, GD, Worcester, PF, Cornuelle, BD, Howe, BM and Metzger, K. 1997. A TOPEX/POSEIDON global tidal model (TPXO.2) and barotropic tidal currents determined from long-range acoustic transmissions. Prog. Oceanogr., 40: 337–367. DOI: 10.1016/S0079-6611(98)00008-1
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dushaw, BD, Gaillard, F and Terre, T. 2017. Acoustic tomography in the Canary Basin: Meddies and tides. J. Geophys. Res., Oceans, 122: 8983–9003. DOI: 10.1002/2017JC013356
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dushaw, BD and Menemenlis, D. 2014. Antipodal acoustic thermometry: 1960, 2004. Deep-Sea Res. Part I, 86: 1–20. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr.2013.12.008
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dushaw, BD and Sagen, H. 2016. A comparative study of the properties of moored/point and acoustic tomography/integral observations of Fram Strait using objective mapping techniques. J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 33: 2079–2093. DOI: 10.1175/JTECH-D-15-0251.1
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dushaw, BD and Sagen, H. 2017. The role of simulated small-scale ocean variability in inverse computations for ocean acoustic tomography. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 142: 3541–3552. DOI: 10.1121/1.5016816
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dushaw, BD, Sagen, H and Beszczynska-Möller, A. 2016a. On the effects of small-scale variability on acoustic propagation in Fram Strait: The tomography forward problem. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 140: 1286–1299. DOI: 10.1121/1.4961207
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dushaw, BD, Sagen, H and Beszczynska-Möller, A. 2016b. Sound speed as a proxy variable to temperature in Fram Strait. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 140: 622–630. DOI: 10.1121/1.4959000
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dushaw, BD and Worcester, PF. 1998. Resonant diurnal internal tides in the North Atlantic. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25: 2189–2192. DOI: 10.1029/98GL01583
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dushaw, BD, Worcester, PF, Cornuelle, BD and Howe, BM. 1994a. Barotropic and baroclinic tides of the western North Atlantic. AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, California, EOS, Transactions, Supplement, American Geophysical Union, 307.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dushaw, BD, Worcester, PF, Cornuelle, BD and Howe, BM. 1994b. Barotropic currents and vorticity in the central North Pacific Ocean during summer 1987 determined from long-range reciprocal acoustic transmissions. J. Geophys. Res., Oceans, 99: 3263–3272. DOI: 10.1029/93JC03335
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dushaw, BD, Worcester, PF, Cornuelle, BD and Howe, BM. 1993a. On equations for the speed of sound in seawater. J. Acous. Soc. Am., 93: 255–275. DOI: 10.1121/1.405660
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dushaw, BD, Worcester, PF, Cornuelle, BD and Howe, BM. 1993b. Variability of heat content in the central North Pacific in summer 1987 determined from long-range acoustic transmissions. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23: 2650–2666. DOI: 10.1175/1520-0485(1993)023<;2650:VOHCIT>2.0.CO;2
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dushaw, BD, Worcester, PF, Cornuelle, BD, Howe, BM and Luther, DS. 1995. Baroclinic and barotropic tides in the central North Pacific Ocean determined from longrange reciprocal acoustic transmissions. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25: 631–647. DOI: 10.1175/1520-0485(1995)025<;0631:BABTIT>2.0.CO;2
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dushaw, BD, Worcester, PF and Dzieciuch, MA. 2011. On the predictability of mode-1 internal tides. Deep-Sea Res. Part I, 58: 677–698. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr.2011.04.002
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dushaw, BD, Worcester, PF, Dzieciuch, MA and Menemenlis, D. 2013. On the timemean state of ocean models and the properties of long-range acoustic propagation. J. Geophys. Res., Oceans, 118: 4346–4362. DOI: 10.1002/jgrc.20325
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dzieciuch, MA, Cornuelle, BD and Skarsoulis, EK. 2013. Structure and stability of wave-theoretic kernels in the ocean. J. Acous. Soc. Am., 134: 3318–3331. DOI: 10.1121/1.4818846
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Fischer, AS, Hall, J, Harrison, DE, Stammer, D and Benveniste, J. 2010. Oceanobs’09 conference summary: Ocean information for society: Sustaining the benefits, realizing the potential. Proceedings of OceanObs’09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society, Hall, J, Harrison, DE and Stammer, D (eds.). Venice, Italy: ESA Publication WPP-306, 9. URL http://www.oceanobs09.net/proceedings/summary/I-4_OO09_Conference_Summary.pdf. DOI: 10.5270/OceanObs09.Summary
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gaillard, F. 1992. Evaluating the information content of tomographic data: Application to mesoscale observations. J. Geophys. Res., Oceans, 97: 15 489–15 505. DOI: 10.1029/92JC01295
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gaillard, F, Desaubies, Y, Send, U and Schott, F. 1997. A four-dimensional analysis of the thermal structure in the gulf of lion. J. Geophys. Res., Oceans, 102: 12 515–12 537. DOI: 10.1029/96JC03821
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Geyer, F, Sagen, H, Cornuelle, B, Mazloff, MR and Vazquez, HJ. 2020. Using a regional ocean model to understand the structure and variability of acoustic arrivals in Fram Strait. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 147: 1042–1053. DOI: 10.1121/10.0000513
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gopalakrishnan, G, Cornuelle, BD, Mazloff, MR, Worcester, PF and Dzieciuch, MA. 2021. State estimates and forecasts of the northern Philippine Sea circulation including ocean acoustic travel times. J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., submitted.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Heaney, KD, Kuperman, WA and McDonald, BE. 1991. Perth–Bermuda sound propagation (1960): Adiabatic mode interpretation. J. Acous. Soc. Am., 90: 2586–20. DOI: 10.1121/1.402062
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hendershott, M. 1981. Long waves and ocean tides. Evolution of Physical Oceanography: Scientific Surveys in Honor of Henry Stommel, Warren, BA and Wunsch, C (eds.), 292–341. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hendry, RM. 1977: Observations of the semidiurnal internal tide in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 286(1330): 1–24. DOI: 10.1098/rsta.1977.0108
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Howe, BM, et al. 1995. Instrumentation for the acoustic thermometry of ocean climate (ATOC) prototype Pacific Ocean network. ’Challenges of Our Changing Global Environment’. Conference Proceedings. OCEANS ’95 MTS/IEEE, 3: 1483–1500 vol.3. DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1995.528710
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Howe, BM and Co-authors. 2019. Smart cables for observing the global ocean: science and implementation. Front. Mar. Sci., 6: 424. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00424
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Howe, BM, Miksis-Olds, J, Rehm, E, Sagen, H, Worcester, PF and Haralabus, G. 2019. Observing the oceans acoustically. Front. Mar. Sci., 6: 426. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00426
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
International Altimetry Team. 2021. Altimetry for the future: Building on 25 years of progress. Advances in Space Research, 68: 319–363. DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2021.01.022
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
IOC, SCOR, and IAPSO. 2010. The international thermodynamic equation of seawater- 2010: Calculation and use of thermodynamic properties. Tech. Rep. Manuals and Guides 56, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, 196 pp. URL https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000188170.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Jensen, FB, Kuperman, WA, Porter, MB and Schmidt, H. 2011. Computational Ocean Acoustics. Springer-Verlag, 794 pp. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-8678-8
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kadri, U, Crivelli, D, Parsons, W, Colbourne, B and Ryan, A. 2017. Rewinding the waves: tracking underwater signals to their source. Sci. Rep., 7: 13949. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14177-3
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kaneko, A, Zhu, X-H and Lin, J. 2020. Coastal Acoustic Tomography. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier, 347 pp. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-818507-0.00014-7
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kelly, KA, Thompson, L and Vivier, F. 1999. Heat content changes in the Pacific Ocean. Science, 284: 1735–1735. DOI: 10.1126/science.284.5421.1735a
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Levitus, S, et al, 2012. World ocean heat content and thermosteric sea level change (0–2000m), 1955–2010. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39: L10 603. DOI: 10.1029/2012GL051106
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Locarnini, RA, Mishonov, AV, Antonov, JI, Boyer, TP, Garcia, HE, Baranova, OK, Zweng, MM and Johnson, DR. 2010. World Ocean Atlas 2009, Volume 1: Temperature, Vol. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 68. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 184 pp.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Luther, DS, Filloux, JH and Chave, AD. 1991. Low-frequency, motionally induced electromagnetic fields in the ocean: 2. electric field and eulerian current comparison. J. Geophys. Res., Oceans, 96: 12 797–12 814. DOI: 10.1029/91JC00884
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
MacKinnon, J, Alford, M, Sun, O, Pinkel, R, Zhao, Z and Klymak, J. 2013. Parametric subharmonic instability of the internal tide at 29°N. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 43: 17–28. DOI: 10.1175/JPO-D-11-0108.1
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Malanotte-Rizzoli, P. 1985. Long-range inversions for ocean acoustic tomography. J. Geophys. Res., Oceans, 90: 7098–7116. DOI: 10.1029/JC090iC04p07098
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Malanotte-Rizzoli, P and Holland, W. 1985. Gyre-scale acoustic tomography: Modeling simulations. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 15: 416–438. DOI: 10.1175/1520-0485(1985)015<;0416:GSATMS>2.0.CO;2
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
McClean, JL, Maltrud, M and Bryan, F. 2006. Measures of the fidelity of eddying ocean models. Oceanography, 19: 104–117. DOI: 10.5670/oceanog.2006.94
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Menemenlis, D, Wunsch, C, Hill, C, Webb, T and Send, U. 1997. Basin-scale ocean circulation from combined altimetric, tomographic and model data. Nature, 385: 618–621. DOI: 10.1038/385618a0
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Meyssignac, B and Co-authors. 2019: Measuring global ocean heat content to estimate the earth energy imbalance. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6: 432. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00432
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mikhalevsky, P, et al. 2015. Multipurpose acoustic networks in the Integrated Arctic Ocean Observing System. Arctic, 68: 11–27. DOI: 10.14430/arctic4449
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mikhalevsky, P, Gavrilov, A and Baggeroer, A. 1999. The Transarctic Acoustic Propagation experiment and climate monitoring in the Arctic. IEEE J. Oceanic Engineering, 24: 183–201. DOI: 10.1109/48.757270
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Miller, A, Cayan, D, Barnett, T, Graham, N and Oberhuber, J. 1994. The 1976–77 climate shift of the Pacific Ocean. Oceanography, 7: 21–26. DOI: 10.5670/oceanog.1994.11
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Miller, AJ, et al. 2007: Barotropic Rossby wave radiation from a model Gulf Stream. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34: L23 613. DOI: 10.1029/2007GL031937
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Millero, FJ. 2010. History of the equation of state of seawater. Oceanography, 23: 18–33. DOI: 10.5670/oceanog.2010.21
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Morawitz, WML, Sutton, PJ, Worcester, PF, Cornuelle, BD, Lynch, JF and Pawlowicz, R. 1996. Three-dimensional observations of a deep convective chimney in the Greenland Sea during winter 1988/89. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26: 2316–2343. DOI: 10.1175/1520-0485(1996)026<;2316:TDOOAD>2.0.CO;2
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Munk, W. 1986. Acoustic monitoring of ocean gyres. J. Fluid Mech., 173: 43–53. DOI: 10.1017/S0022112086001064
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Munk, W. 1997. Once again: once again—tidal friction. Progress in Oceanography, 40: 7–35. DOI: 10.1016/S0079-6611(97)00021-9
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Munk, W. 2006. Ocean acoustic tomography: From a stormy start to an uncertain future. Physical Ocenography, Jochum, M and Murtugudde, R (eds.), 119–138. New York, NY: Springer. DOI: 10.1007/0-387-33152-2
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Munk, W. 2011. The sound of climate change. Tellus, 63: 190–197. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2010.00494.x
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Munk, W and Wunsch, C. 1979. Ocean acoustic tomography: a scheme for large scale monitoring. Deep-Sea Res. Part A, 26: 123–161. DOI: 10.1016/0198-0149(79)90073-6
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Munk, W and Wunsch, C. 1998. Abyssal recipes II: energetics of tidal and wind mixing. Deep-Sea Res. Part I, 45: 1977–2010. DOI: 10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00070-3
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Munk, WH and Forbes, AMG. 1989. Global ocean warming: An acoustic measure? J. Phys. Oceanogr., 19: 1765–1778. DOI: 10.1175/1520-0485(1989)019<;1765:GOWAAM>2.0.CO;2
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Munk, WH, O’Reilly, WC and Reid, JL. 1988. Australia–Bermuda sound transmission experiment (1960) revisited. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 173: 1876–1898. DOI: 10.1175/1520-0485(1988)018<;1876:ABSTER>2.0.CO;2
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Munk, WH, Spindel, RC, Baggeroer, A and Birdsall, TG. 1994. The Heard Island feasibility test. J. Acous. Soc. Am., 96: 2330–2342. DOI: 10.1121/1.410105
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Munk, WH, Worcester, PF and Wunsch, C. 1995. Ocean Acoustic Tomography. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 433 pp. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511666926
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Munk, WH and Wunsch, CI. 1982. Observing the ocean in the 1990s. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A., 307: 439–464. DOI: 10.1098/rsta.1982.0120
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Nakano, I, Fujimori, H, Kanaizumi, T, Nakamura, T and Howe, B. 2001. Meridional circulation and equatorial instability waves in the central equatorial Pacific Ocean. Proceedings of the Institute of Acoustics Conference on Acoustical Oceanography, Leighton, TG, Heald, GJ, Griffiths, HD and Griffiths, G (eds.), 23: 424. Bath, UK: Bath University Press. URL https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/10225/.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
OceanObs’99 Conference, 2001a. Oceanobs 99 conference statement. Observing the Oceans in the 21st Century, Koblinsky, CJ and Smith, NR (eds.), 1–30. Melbourne: GODAE Project Office and Bureau of Meteorology. URL http://www.oceanobs09.net/work/oo99/docs/Statement.pdf.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
OceanObs’99 Conference. 2001b. Round table 4: Towards and integrated deep ocean network. Observing the Oceans in the 21st Century, Koblinsky, CJ and Smith, NR (eds.). Melbourne: GODAE Project Office and Bureau of Meteorology, 430–441.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pawlowicz, R, Lynch, JF, Owens, WB, Worcester, PF, Morawitz, WML and Sutton, PJ. 1995. Thermal evolution of the Greenland Sea gyre in 1988–1989. J. Geophys. Res., Oceans, 100: 4727–4750. DOI: 10.1029/94JC02509
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pawlowicz, R, McDougall, T, Feistel, R and Tailleux, R. 2012. An historical perspective on the development of the Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater – 2010. Ocean Sci., 8: 161–714. DOI: 10.5194/os-8-161-2012
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Peierls, R. 1980. Surprises in Theoretical Physics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 176 pp. DOI: 10.1515/9780691217888
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pinkel, R and Co-authors. 2000. Ocean mixing studied near Hawaiian Ridge. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 81(46): 545–553. DOI: 10.1029/EO081i046p00545-02
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rainville, L and Pinkel, R. 2006. Baroclinic energy flux at the Hawaiian Ridge: Observations from the R/P FLIP. 36: 1104–1122. DOI: 10.1175/JPO2882.1
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rainville, L, Shaun-Johnston, TM, Carter, GS, Merrifield, MA, Pinkel, R, Worcester, PF and Dushaw, BD. 2010. Interference pattern and propagation of the M2 internal tide south of the Hawaiian Ridge. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 40: 311–325. DOI: 10.1175/2009JPO4256.1
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ray, RD and Cartwright, DE. 2001. Estimates of internal tide energy fluxes from TOPEX/Poseidon altimetry: Central North Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28: 1259–1262. DOI: 10.1029/2000GL012447
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ray, RD and Mitchum, GT. 1996. Surface manifestation of internal tides generated near Hawaii. Geophys. Res. Lett., 23: 2101–2104. DOI: 10.1029/96GL02050
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rémy, E, Gaillard, F and Verron, J. 2002. Variational assimilation of ocean tomographic data: Twin experiments in a quasi-geostrophic model. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 128: 1739–1458. DOI: 10.1002/qj.200212858317
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rudnick, D and Co-authors. 2003. From tides to mixing along the Hawaiian Ridge. Science, 301: 355–357. DOI: 10.1126/science.1085837
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Sagen, H, Dushaw, BD, Skarsoulis, EK, Dumont, D, Dzieciuch, MA, and Beszczynska-Möller, A. 2016. Time series of temperature in Fram Strait determined from the 2008–2009 DAMOCLES acoustic tomography measurements and an ocean model. J. Geophys. Res., Oceans, 121: 4601–4617. DOI: 10.1002/2015JC011591
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Schwiderski, EW. 1980. On charting global ocean tides. Reviews of Geophysics, 18: 243–268. DOI: 10.1029/RG018i001p00243
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Scientifc Committee on Ocean Research Working Group 96. 1994. Acoustic thermometry in the Atlantic: A Report to SCOR WG 96. SCOR WG 96 Atlantic Sub-Group: W.J. Gould, Y. Desaubies, B. M. Howe, D. R. Palmer, F. Schott, and C. Wunsch, 19 pp. http://staff.washington.edu/dushaw/epubs/SCOR_WG96.pdf.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Send, U, et al. 1997. Acoustic observations of heat content across the Mediterranean Sea. Nature, 385: 615–617. DOI: 10.1038/385615a0
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Send, U, Worcester, PF, Cornuelle, BD, Tiemann, CO and Baschek, B. 2002. Integral measurements of mass transport and heat content in the Strait of Gibraltar from acoustic transmissions. Deep-Sea Res. Part II, 49: 4069–4095. DOI: 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00143-1
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Sheinbaum, J. 1995. Variational assimilation of simulated acoustic tomography data and point observations: A comparative study. J. Geophys. Res., Oceans, 100: 20 745–20 761. DOI: 10.1029/95JC02113
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Smith, WHF and Sandwell, DT. 1997. Global seafloor topography from satellite altimetry and ship depth soundings. Science, 277: 1957–1962. DOI: 10.1126/science.277.5334.1956
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Spiesberger, JL and Metzger, K. 1991. New estimates of sound speed in water. J. Acous. Soc. Am., 89: 1697–1700. DOI: 10.1121/1.401002
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Stammer, D and Co-authors. 2014. Accuracy assessment of global barotropic ocean tide models. Rev. Geophys., 52: 243–282. DOI: 10.1002/2014RG000450
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Sugioka, H, Fukao, Y and Hibiya, T. 2005. Submarine volcanic activity, oceanacoustic waves and internal ocean tides. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32: L24 616. DOI: 10.1029/2005GL024001
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Van Uffelen, LJ, et al. 2013. Estimating uncertainty in subsurface glider position using transmissions from fixed acoustic tomography sources. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 134: 3260–3271. DOI: 10.1121/1.4818841
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Van Uffelen, LJ, Worcester, PF, Dzieciuch, MA and Rudnick, DL. 2009. The vertical structure of shadow-zone arrivals at long range in the ocean. J. Acous. Soc. Am., 125: 3569–3588. DOI: 10.1121/1.3117430
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Vera, MD, Heaney, KD and The NPAL Group. 2005. The effect of bottom interaction on transmissions from the North Pacific Acoustic Laboratory Kauai source. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 117: 1624–1634. DOI: 10.1121/1.1854491
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Voronovich, AG, et al. 2005. Horizontal refraction of acoustic signals retrieved from North Pacific Acoustic Laboratory billboard array data. J. Acous. Soc. Am., 117: 1527–1537. DOI: 10.1121/1.1854435
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Willis, JK, Roemmich, D and Cornuelle, B. 2004. Interannual variability in upper ocean heat content, temperature, and thermosteric expansion on global scales. J. Geophys. Res.: Oceans, 109. DOI: 10.1029/2003JC002260
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Worcester, P and Munk, W. 2016. Ocean acoustic tomography: Fortieth anniversary, 1976–2016. J. Acous. Soc. Am., 140: 2976–2976. DOI: 10.1121/1.4969211
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Worcester, PF. 2001. Tomography. Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, Steele, J, Thorpe, S and Turekian, K (eds.). London: Academic Press Ltd. 2969–2986. DOI: 10.1006/rwos.2001.0310
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Worcester, PF, et al. 1993. Evolution of the large-scale temperature field in the Greenland Sea during 1988-1989 from tomographic measurements. Geophys. Res. Lett., 20: 2211–2214. DOI: 10.1029/93GL02373
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Worcester, PF, et al. 1994. A comparison of measured and predicted broadband acoustic arrival patterns in travel time–depth coordinates at 1000-km range. J. Acous. Soc. Am., 95: 3118–3128. DOI: 10.1121/1.409977
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Worcester, PF, et al. 1999. A test of basin-scale acoustic thermometry using a large aperature vertical array at 3250-km range in the eastern North Pacific Ocean. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 105: 3185–3201. DOI: 10.1121/1.424649
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Worcester, PF, Carey, S, Dzieciuch, MA, Green, LL, Horwitt, D, Lemire, JC and Norenberg, M. 2009. Distributed vertical line array (DVLA) acoustic receiver. Proc. 3rd International Conference on Underwater Acoustic Measurements: Technologies and Results, Papadakis, JS and Bjørnø, L (eds.). Nafplion, Greece: Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), 113–118.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Worcester, PF, Cornuelle, BD and Spindel, RC. 1991. A review of ocean acoustic tomography: 1987–1990. Rev. Geophys., 105: 3185–3201. DOI: 10.1002/rog.1991.29.s2.557
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wu, W, Zhan, Z, Peng, S, Ni, S and Callies, J. 2020. Seismic ocean thermometry. Science, 369: 1510–1515. DOI: 10.1126/science.abb9519
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wunsch, C. 2016. Global ocean integrals and means, with trend implications. Annual Review of Marine Science, 8: 1–33. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-122414-034040
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wunsch, C. 2021. Right place, right time: An informal memoir. Annual Review of Marine Science, 13: 1–21. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-021320-125821
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Yaremchuk, M, Lebedev, K and Nechaev, D. 2004. A four-dimensional inversion of the acoustic tomography, satellite altimetry and in situ data using quasigeostrophic constraints. Inverse Problems in Science and Engineering, 12: 409–431. DOI: 10.1080/10682760310001633689
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article