Table 1
Means and Standard Deviations in Intensified Job Demands across the Age Groups.
| Age groups (in years) | Mean | SD | N | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WORK INTENSIFICATION (WI) | 18–34 | 3.20 | 1.08 | 168 |
| 35–44 | 3.54 | 1.01 | 373 | |
| 45–54 | 3.72 | 0.99 | 527 | |
| 55–64 | 3.78 | 0.96 | 432 | |
| 65+ | 3.55 | 1.11 | 73 | |
| Total | 3.63 | 1.02 | 1573 | |
| INTENSIFIED JOB-RELATED PLANNING & DECISION MAKING DEMANDS (JPD) | 18–34 | 3.58 | 0.89 | 168 |
| 35–44 | 3.53 | 0.90 | 373 | |
| 45–54 | 3.56 | 0.88 | 527 | |
| 55–64 | 3.53 | 0.89 | 432 | |
| 65+ | 3.23 | 0.98 | 73 | |
| Total | 3.53 | 0.90 | 1573 | |
| INTENSIFIED CAREER-RELATED PLANNING & DECISION-MAKING DEMANDS (CPD) | 18–34 | 3.72 | 0.88 | 168 |
| 35–44 | 3.73 | 0.97 | 373 | |
| 45–54 | 3.48 | 0.94 | 527 | |
| 55–64 | 3.29 | 0.95 | 432 | |
| 65+ | 2.95 | 0.92 | 73 | |
| Total | 3.49 | 0.97 | 1573 | |
| INTENSIFIED KNOWLEDGE-RELATED LEARNING DEMANDS (KLD) | 18–34 | 3.47 | 0.87 | 168 |
| 35–44 | 3.51 | 0.94 | 373 | |
| 45–54 | 3.64 | 0.93 | 527 | |
| 55–64 | 3.80 | 0.87 | 432 | |
| 65+ | 3.64 | 0.87 | 73 | |
| Total | 3.64 | 0.92 | 1573 | |
| INTENSIFIED SKILL-RELATED LEARNING DEMANDS (SLD) | 18–34 | 3.30 | 0.92 | 168 |
| 35–44 | 3.55 | 0.99 | 373 | |
| 45–54 | 3.73 | 0.94 | 527 | |
| 55–64 | 3.84 | 0.93 | 432 | |
| 65+ | 3.72 | 0.92 | 73 | |
| Total | 3.67 | 0.96 | 1573 |
Table 2
Predicting Burnout and Engagement by Age, IJDs (WI, JPD, CPD, KLD, and SLD), IJDs*Age, and IJDs*IJDs Interaction Terms.
| Predictors1 | Burnout | Engagement | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stand. β | R | ΔR2 | Stand. β | R | ΔR2 | |
| WI | ||||||
| Age | –0.03 | –0.01 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.09*** | 0.00 |
| WI | 0.41*** | 0.35*** | 0.12*** | –0.05 | 0.02 | 0.00 |
| WI*age | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.00 |
| WI*WI | 0.10***2 | –0.06* | 0.01*** | –0.05 | –0.04 | 0.00 |
| JPD | ||||||
| Age | 0.01 | –0.01 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.09*** | 0.00 |
| JPD | 0.17*** | 0.16*** | 0.03*** | 0.09*** | 0.10*** | 0.01*** |
| JPD*age | –0.06* | –0.05* | 0.04* | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.00 |
| JPD*JPD | 0.01 | –0.04* | 0.00 | –0.03 | –0.05* | 0.00 |
| CPD | ||||||
| Age | 0.04 | –0.01 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.09*** | 0.00 |
| CPD | 0.21*** | 0.20*** | 0.04*** | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 |
| CPD*age | –0.05* | –0.06* | 0.03* | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.00 |
| CPD*CPD | 0.03 | –0.01 | 0.00 | –0.04 | –0.05* | 0.00 |
| KLD | ||||||
| Age | –0.00 | –0.01 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.09*** | 0.00 |
| KLD | 0.09*** | 0.07** | 0.05** | 0.13*** | 0.18*** | 0.02*** |
| KLD*age | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| KLD*KLD | 0.06* | 0.02 | 0.00 | –0.09*** | –0.14** | 0.06*** |
| SLD | ||||||
| Age | –0.01 | –0.01 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.09*** | 0.00 |
| SLD | 0.16*** | 0.13*** | 0.02*** | 0.06* | 0.13*** | 0.01*** |
| SLD*age | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.00 |
| SLD*SLD | 0.08** | 0.02 | 0.05** | –0.11** | –0.13*** | 0.01*** |
[i] Note: *** p < 0.001; ** p < 0.01; * p < 0.05.
1 Control variables (gender, parenting status, management/leadership position, and occupational group) entered at Step 1 not shown for clarity. β-coefficients derived from the final (5th) step after entering all variables. Only those regression coefficients which are consistent with the correlation’s coefficients are underlined and reported.
2 This interaction effect is artificial and unreliable as the correlation coefficient points in a different direction, the result is not reported.
Abbreviations: WI = work intensification, JPD = intensified job-related planning and decision-making demands, CPD = intensified career-related planning and decision-making demands, KLD = knowledge-related learning demands, SLD = skill-related learning demands.
Figure 1
An interaction effect of JPD and age (JPD*age) on burnout.
Figure 2
An interaction effect of CPD and age (CPD*age) on burnout.
Figure 3
A curvilinear interaction effect of SLD (SLD*SLD) on engagement.