The Role of Needs-Based Job Crafting in Strengthening Work-Related Sense of Coherence: A Two-Wave Panel Study

	M	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
1. Comprehensibility T₁	4.99	1.16	1
2. Manageability T₁	4.61	1.38	0.64	1
3. Meaningfulness T₁	5.18	1.34	0.48	0.46	1
4. NJC avoidance T₁	3.80	0.82	0.23	0.15	0.19	1
5. NJC approach T₁	3.57	0.67	0.30	0.39	0.52	0.34	1
6. Comprehensibility T₂	5.05	1.09	0.64	0.49	0.41	0.25	0.34	1
7. Manageability T₂	4.70	1.34	0.45	0.65	0.35	0.17	0.39	0.64	1
8. Meaningfulness T₂	5.08	1.32	0.38	0.38	0.74	0.21	0.51	0.45	0.40	1
9. NJC avoidance T₂	3.75	0.87	0.22	0.19	0.12	0.57	0.21	0.26	0.24	0.13	1
10. NJC approach T₂	3.55	0.69	0.28	0.41	0.47	0.16	0.71	0.33	0.43	0.51	0.28	1

[i] Note. N = 924; all correlations are significant at p < 0.001.

Table 2

Longitudinal measurement invariance.

	MODEL	χ²	df	CFI	RMSEA	SRMR	Δχ²	Δdf	p	ΔCFI	ΔRMSEA
NJC avoidance	Configural	33.1	1	0.981	0.194	0.015
	Metric	33.1	2	0.981	0.135	0.015	0.0	1	0.986	0.000	–0.059
	Scalar	33.7	4	0.982	0.094	0.017	0.7	2	0.709	–0.001	–0.041
NJC approach	Configural	119.5	15	0.971	0.091	0.034
	Metric	140.5	18	0.966	0.090	0.046	21.0	3	<0.001	–0.005	–0.001
	Scalar	151.0	22	0.964	0.083	0.047	10.5	4	0.032	–0.002	–0.007
Comprehensibility	Configural	8.8	5	0.998	0.029	0.014
	Metric	9.4	7	0.999	0.019	0.015	0.6	2	0.725	0.001	–0.010
	Scalar	13.5	10	0.998	0.019	0.019	4.1	3	0.256	0.000	0.000
Manageability	Configural	15.9	5	0.994	0.049	0.018
	Metric	16.9	7	0.995	0.039	0.021	1.0	2	0.599	–0.001	–0.010
	Scalar	22.3	10	0.994	0.036	0.024	5.4	3	0.144	0.001	–0.003
Meaningfulness	Configural	8.9	5	0.999	0.029	0.008
	Metric	11.7	7	0.999	0.027	0.015	2.8	2	0.245	0.000	–0.002
	Scalar	17.0	10	0.998	0.028	0.017	5.4	3	0.149	0.001	0.001
Full model	Configural	1130.3	347	0.949	0.049	0.081
	Metric	1158.8	357	0.948	0.049	0.082	31.8	10	0.001	0.001	0.000
	Scalar	1187.3	372	0.947	0.049	0.083	28.8	15	0.019	0.001	0.000

Table 3

Model fit indices and model comparisons.

MODEL	DESCRIPTION	χ²	df	CFI	RMSEA	SRMR	BIC		Δχ²	Δdf	p	ΔCFI
M₁	Stability	1251.4	376	0.943	0.050	0.088	61027.3	–	–	–	–	–
M₂	Unidirectional: NJC → Work-SOC	1209.3	370	0.946	0.050	0.089	61026.2	M₂ vs. M₁	42.1	6	<0.001	0.003
M₃	Unidirectional: Work-SOC → NJC	1209.8	370	0.946	0.050	0.082	61026.7	M₃ vs. M₁	41.6	6	<0.001	0.003
M₄	Reciprocal: NJC ↔ Work-SOC	1171.7	364	0.948	0.049	0.085	61029.5	M₄ vs. M₂	37.6	6	<0.001	0.002

[i] Note. Superior models are printed in bold.

Table 4

Path coefficients of the reciprocal model (M₄).

	b	SE	z	p	β	H
Autoregressive paths
NJC avoidance T₁ → NJC avoidance T₂	0.685	0.038	16.869	<0.001	0.685
NJC approach T₁ → NJC approach T₂	0.639	0.045	14.736	<0.001	0.639
Comprehensibility T₁ → Comprehensibility T₂	0.605	0.034	17.577	<0.001	0.658
Manageability T₁ → Manageability T₂	0.639	0.037	17.272	<0.001	0.668
Meaningfulness T₁ → Meaningfulness T₂	0.688	0.032	21.698	<0.001	0.703
Cross-lagged paths
NJC avoidance T₁ → Comprehensibility T₂	0.080	0.052	1.556	0.120	0.077	H1
NJC avoidance T₁ → Manageability T₂	0.080	0.043	1.862	0.063	0.090	H1
NJC avoidance T₁ → Meaningfulness T₂	0.035	0.051	0.694	0.488	0.027	H1
NJC approach T₁ → Comprehensibility T₂	0.228	0.072	3.158	0.002	0.142	H1
NJC approach T₁ → Manageability T₂	0.190	0.064	2.943	0.003	0.137	H1
NJC approach T₁ → Meaningfulness T₂	0.333	0.083	4.006	<0.001	0.166	H1
Comprehensibility T₁ → NJC avoidance T₂	–0.032	0.078	–0.415	0.678	–0.039	H2
Comprehensibility T₁ → NJC approach T₂	–0.200	0.058	–3.460	0.001	–0.341	H2
Manageability T₁ → NJC avoidance T₂	0.164	0.095	1.729	0.084	0.164	H2
Manageability T₁ → NJC approach T₂	0.306	0.072	4.248	<0.001	0.431	H2
Meaningfulness T₁ → NJC avoidance T₂	–0.055	0.029	–1.898	0.058	–0.077	H2
Meaningfulness T₁ → NJC approach T₂	0.048	0.021	2.268	0.023	0.095	H2

[i] Note. Significant cross-lagged paths are printed in bold; T = Time, H = Hypothesis; R²_{NJC avoidance} _T2 = 0.497; R² _{NJC approach T2} = 0.640; R²_{Comprehensibility} _T2 = 0.564; R²_{Manageability T2} = 0.600; R²_{Meaingfulness T2} = 0.660.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.16993/sjwop.389 | Journal eISSN: 2002-2867

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Language: English

Page range: 14 - 14

Submitted on: Mar 4, 2025

Accepted on: Jun 28, 2026

Published on: Aug 10, 2026

Published by: Stockholm University Press

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

salutogenesis,

work-related sense of coherence,

needs-based job crafting,

occupational health promotion,

conservation of resources theory

© 2026 Kristýna Cetkovská, Georg F. Bauer, Martin Tušl, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 11 (2026): Issue 1

The Role of Needs-Based Job Crafting in Strengthening Work-Related Sense of Coherence: A Two-Wave Panel Study

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