Figure 1
Flowchart of enrollment, allocation, follow-up, and data analysis, modified from the CONSORT 2010 Statement.
Table 1
Number of participants randomized to cases at baseline and response rates for baseline and follow-up questionnaires.
| BASELINE | FOLLOW-UP | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RANDOMIZED (N) | RESPONSE RATE (%) | ANSWERED (N) | RESPONSE RATE (%) | |
| Somatization disorder | 372 | 100 | 223 | 60.0 |
| Schizophrenia | 378 | 99.7 | 229 | 60.7 |
| Depression | 420 | 100 | 267 | 64.8 |
| ADHD | 362 | 100 | 230 | 64.8 |
| Spine fracture | 378 | 100 | 221 | 58.5 |
| Chronic back pain | 389 | 100 | 259 | 66.6 |
| Unhealthy lifestyle | 381 | 99.7 | 234 | 61.6 |
| Previous drug addiction | 374 | 99.7 | 244 | 65.4 |
| Minority background | 380 | 99.5 | 230 | 60.8 |
| Single mother | 403 | 100 | 233 | 55.3 |
| Older worker | 373 | 99.5 | 250 | 67.4 |
Table 2
Baseline percentages showing how well each case story fit into respondents’ own work group, and the relative risk of not fitting quite or very well into the work group when compared to the older worker.
| VERY POORLY | QUITE POORLY | NEITHER | QUITE WELL | VERY WELL | RR | 95% CI | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | % | % | % | % | |||
| Somatization disorder | 372 | 14.0 | 34.9 | 39.8 | 11.0 | 0.3 | 5.87 | 4.38–7.88 |
| Schizophrenia | 377 | 23.6 | 34.2 | 30.5 | 10.9 | 0.8 | 5.68 | 4.26–7.57 |
| Depression | 420 | 13.1 | 36.9 | 36.7 | 12.4 | 1.0 | 4.97 | 3.86–6.41 |
| ADHD | 362 | 10.8 | 35.6 | 39.2 | 14.4 | 0 | 4.62 | 3.55–6.00 |
| Spine fracture | 378 | 8.7 | 20.9 | 40.2 | 26.2 | 4.0 | 2.20 | 1.86–2.61 |
| Chronic back pain | 389 | 7.2 | 23.9 | 37.0 | 28.3 | 3.6 | 2.08 | 1.77–2.45 |
| Unhealthy lifestyle | 380 | 12.9 | 29.7 | 36.6 | 19.0 | 1.8 | 3.19 | 2.59–3.93 |
| Previous drug addiction | 373 | 9.9 | 12.6 | 32.2 | 40.5 | 4.8 | 1.46 | 1.28–1.67 |
| Minority background | 378 | 4.0 | 10.3 | 35.2 | 44.2 | 6.3 | 1.31 | 1.16–1.48 |
| Single mother | 403 | 2.2 | 8.9 | 29.5 | 49.5 | 9.9 | 1.12 | 1.00–1.25 |
| Older worker | 371 | 1.6 | 7.0 | 25.1 | 50.1 | 16.2 | 1 |
Table 3
Percent of employees having experience with colleagues or employees resembling the different cases and the relative risk for rating cases to fit into the work group when having previous experience versus no previous experience.
| CASES | PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE | NO PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE | RR | 95% CI | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FIT | NO FIT | FIT | NO FIT | ||||||
| TOTAL N | N | % | % | N | % | % | |||
| Somatization disorder | 372 | 226 | 13.3 | 86.7 | 146 | 8.2 | 91.8 | 1.62 | 0.85–3.05 |
| Schizophrenia | 377 | 60 | 15.0 | 85.0 | 317 | 11.0 | 89.0 | 1.36 | 0.69–2.68 |
| Depression | 420 | 228 | 15.4 | 84.6 | 192 | 10.9 | 89.1 | 1.40 | 0.85–2.33 |
| ADHD | 362 | 210 | 18.6 | 81.4 | 152 | 8.6 | 91.4 | 2.17 | 1.20–3.93 |
| Spine fracture | 378 | 141 | 31.9 | 68.1 | 237 | 29.1 | 70.9 | 1.10 | 0.80–1.50 |
| Chronic back pain | 389 | 301 | 32.2 | 67.8 | 88 | 30.7 | 69.3 | 1.05 | 0.74–1.50 |
| Unhealthy lifestyle | 380 | 159 | 28.9 | 71.1 | 221 | 14.9 | 85.1 | 1.94 | 1.30–2.88 |
| Previous drug addiction | 372 | 84 | 56.0 | 44.0 | 288 | 42.4 | 57.6 | 1.32 | 1.05–1.67 |
| Minority background | 377 | 234 | 57.3 | 42.7 | 143 | 39.9 | 60.1 | 1.44 | 1.14–1.81 |
| Single mother | 403 | 349 | 61.9 | 38.1 | 54 | 42.6 | 57.4 | 1.45 | 1.05–2.00 |
| Older worker | 370 | 187 | 71.1 | 28.9 | 183 | 61.7 | 38.3 | 1.15 | 1.00–1.33 |
[i] P-value < 0.05 when numbers are in bold.
Table 4
Percentage of participants rating the person in the different case stories to fit into their work group at baseline and one year after, and test for change between baseline and follow-up in MAW1 and OAW2. Percent within intervention group change. Test for difference in change between the intervention groups.
| MODIFIED ATWORK INTERVENTION (MAW) | ORIGINAL ATWORK INTERVENTION (OAW) | BETWEEN GROUPS | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TOTAL | BASELINE | 1 YEAR | CHANGE | BASELINE | 1 YEAR | CHANGE | |||||||||
| FIT | FIT | NEGATIVE | SAME | POSITIVE | TOTAL | FIT | FIT | NEGATIVE | SAME | POSITIVE | |||||
| n | % | % | p-VALUE | % | % | % | n | % | % | p-VALUE | % | % | % | p-VALUE | |
| Cases | |||||||||||||||
| Somatization disorder | 113 | 16.8 | 22.1 | 0.286 | 7.1 | 80.5 | 12.4 | 110 | 8.2 | 15.5 | 0.115 | 5.5 | 81.8 | 12.7 | 0.888 |
| Schizophrenia | 109 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 1.000 | 6.4 | 87.2 | 6.4 | 120 | 10.0 | 6.7 | 0.455 | 8.3 | 86.7 | 5.0 | 0.804 |
| Depression | 138 | 16.7 | 16.7 | 1.000 | 12.3 | 75.4 | 12.3 | 129 | 7.8 | 14.0 | 0.134 | 5.4 | 82.9 | 11.6 | 0.151 |
| ADHD | 116 | 18.1 | 27.6 | 0.099 | 11.2 | 68.1 | 20.7 | 113 | 9.7 | 26.5 | 0.001 | 6.2 | 70.8 | 23.0 | 0.269 |
| Spine fracture | 111 | 32.4 | 43.2 | 0.111 | 16.2 | 56.8 | 27.0 | 109 | 27.5 | 44.0 | 0.008 | 11.0 | 61.5 | 27.5 | 0.584 |
| Chronic back pain | 121 | 32.2 | 42.1 | 0.104 | 14.0 | 62.0 | 24.0 | 137 | 32.8 | 33.6 | 1.000 | 14.6 | 70.1 | 15.3 | 0.242 |
| Unhealthy lifestyle | 109 | 26.6 | 28.4 | 0.851 | 11.9 | 74.3 | 13.8 | 124 | 17.7 | 18.5 | 1.000 | 8.9 | 81.5 | 9.7 | 0.504 |
| Previous drug addiction | 125 | 44.8 | 56.0 | 0.039 | 10.4 | 68.0 | 21.6 | 117 | 52.1 | 52.1 | 1.000 | 17.9 | 64.1 | 17.9 | 0.213 |
| Minority background | 119 | 50.4 | 63.9 | 0.017 | 10.1 | 66.4 | 23.5 | 110 | 54.5 | 55.5 | 1.000 | 12.7 | 73.6 | 13.6 | 0.149 |
| Single mother | 106 | 67.9 | 64.2 | 0.557 | 14.2 | 75.5 | 10.4 | 127 | 62.2 | 64.6 | 0.736 | 12.6 | 72.4 | 15.0 | 0.564 |
| Older worker | 128 | 64.8 | 77.3 | 0.011 | 7.8 | 71.9 | 20.3 | 121 | 68.6 | 77.7 | 0.080 | 9.1 | 72.7 | 18.2 | 0.852 |
[i] 1 Modified atWork intervention, 2 Original atWork intervention.
P-value < 0.05 when numbers are in bold.
Table 5
Barriers for workplace inclusion reported for each case story at baseline and the relative risk for positive change if barrier was reported.
| n | NEED FOR ACCOMMODATION | ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES | COLLABORATION WITH COLLEAGUES | WORK ABILITY | INCREASED WORKLOAD FOR COLLEAGUES | ABILITY TO PROVIDE SERVICE | WORK CAPACITY | OTHER | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | RR (95% CI) | % | RR (95% CI) | % | RR (95% CI) | % | RR (95% CI) | % | RR (95% CI) | % | RR (95% CI) | % | RR (95% CI) | % | RR (95% CI) | ||
| Somatization disorder | 195 | 3.6 | 1.00 (0.16–6.31) | 8.7 | 0.39 (0.06–2.68) | 6.2 | 0.57 (0.08–3.81) | 15.9 | 2.51 (1.25–5.02) | 34.4 | 0.64 (0.29–1.42) | 1.5 | – | 25.1 | 1.19 (0.56–2.53) | 4.6 | 0.77 (0.12–5.02) |
| Schizophrenia | 203 | 6.9 | – | 3.0 | 2.74 (0.42–17.78) | 16.7 | 1.49 (0.43–5.14) | 26.1 | 1.77 (0.61–5.17) | 11.3 | 0.65 (0.09–4.79) | 8.4 | – | 4.4 | 1.80 (0.26–12.34) | 23.2 | 0.60 (0.14–2.63) |
| Depression | 234 | 2.1 | 1.48 (0.25–8.79) | 3.4 | 0.91 (0.14–5.87) | 29.5 | 1.64 (0.86–3.13) | 15.4 | 0.79 (0.29–2.11) | 12.0 | 0.49 (0.12–1.94) | 10.3 | 1.62 (0.69–3.81) | 15.8 | 0.76 (0.28–2.04) | 11.5 | 0.51 (0.13–2.02) |
| ADHD | 197 | 3.0 | 2.03 (0.88–4.70) | 0.0 | – | 54.3 | 0.91 (0.57–1.48) | 9.1 | 1.36 (0.67–2.74) | 17.3 | 1.20 (0.67–2.15) | 2.0 | – | 5.6 | 0.71 (0.20–2.53) | 8.6 | 0.68 (0.24–1.94) |
| Spine fracture | 154 | 14.9 | 0.88 (0.48–1.59) | 7.1 | 0.45 (0.13–1.60) | 1.3 | – | 15.6 | 0.83 (0.45–1.52) | 17.5 | 1.30 (0.83–2.05) | 2.6 | 1.97 (1.08–3.60) | 32.5 | 0.96 (0.63–1.48) | 13.0 | 0.99 (0.48–2.02) |
| Chronic back pain | 173 | 10.4 | 1.20 (0.60–2.42) | 5.8 | 0.69 (0.20–2.45) | 0.6 | – | 17.9 | 1.18 (0.66–2.09) | 33.5 | 1.05 (0.64–1.73) | 2.3 | 0.88 (0.16–4.89) | 21.4 | 0.61 (0.30–1.25) | 8.1 | 1.29 (0.61–2.72) |
| Unhealthy lifestyle | 181 | 3.3 | 1.17 (0.19–7.24) | 7.7 | 2.17 (0.87–5.42) | 3.3 | – | 14.9 | 1.04 (0.39–2.77) | 14.4 | 1.42 (0.59–3.43) | 2.8 | 1.41 (0.24–8.44) | 40.9 | 0.90 (0.43–1.88) | 12.7 | 0.28 (0.04–1.93) |
| Previous drug addiction | 123 | 5.7 | – | 4.1 | 2.25 (1.36–3.71) | 10.6 | 0.59 (0.21–1.66) | 22.0 | 0.87 (0.48–1.56) | 10.6 | 1.27 (0.67–2.40) | 6.5 | 0.65 (0.19–2.22) | 11.4 | 1.64 (0.97–2.76) | 29.3 | 1.06 (0.65–1.73) |
| Minority background | 108 | 7.4 | 1.32 (0.63–2.75) | 0.0 | – | 21.3 | 0.87 (0.47–1.61) | 15.7 | 1.46 (0.86–2.47) | 4.6 | 0.50 (0.09–2.95) | 5.6 | 0.42 (0.70–0.52) | 5.6 | 1.31 (0.57–3.02) | 39.8 | 0.93 (0.57–1.52) |
| Single mother | 82 | 2.4 | 1.38 (0.34–5.68) | 11.0 | 2.03 (1.15–3.57) | 1.2 | – | 2.4 | 1.38 (0.35–5.68) | 57.3 | 0.57 (0.32–1.01) | 0.0 | – | 15.9 | 1.06 (0.50–2.26) | 9.8 | 1.03 (0.40–2.64) |
| Older worker | 82 | 4.9 | 0.85 (0.31–2.30) | 2.4 | 0.85 (0.21–3.44) | 11.0 | 0.54 (0.21–1.39) | 19.5 | 1.23 (0.83–1.82) | 4.9 | 1.30 (0.71–2.36) | 1.2 | 1.72 (1.43–2.07) | 39.0 | 0.86 (0.58–1.27) | 17.1 | 1.28 (0.86–1.89) |
[i] P–value < 0.05 when numbers are in bold.