Figure 1
Hypothesized relationship between the study variables.
Note: WHI; work-home interaction (conflict and facilitation). Numbers in italic correspond with the hypotheses. Negative and positive health refer to the respondents perception that work have a positive or negative influence on their health, denoted work-related health in text.
Table 1
Correlation Matrix for the latent and observed variables (n = 5341).
| VARIABLES | AGE | SEX | WORK ENGAGEMENT | WORKING COMPULSIVELY | WORKING EXCESSIVELY | WORK-HOME-FACILITATION | WORK-HOME-CONFLICT | POSITIVE HEALTHa | NEGATIVE HEALTHa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | n/a | ||||||||
| Sex | .03* | n/a | |||||||
| Work Engagement | .09*** | –.04** | (.96) | ||||||
| Working Compulsively | –.15*** | –.04* | –.14*** | (.72) | |||||
| Working Excessively | .07*** | –.03* | .13*** | .87*** | (.79) | ||||
| Work-home facilitation | .02(ns) | –.09*** | .54*** | –.27*** | –.12*** | (.67) | |||
| Work-home conflict | –.07*** | –.11*** | –.36*** | .71*** | .57*** | –.41*** | (.80) | ||
| Positive healtha | .06*** | –.03* | .44*** | –.40*** | –.27*** | .62*** | –.57*** | n/a | |
| Negative healtha | –.02(ns) | –.05*** | –.39*** | .50*** | .37*** | –.43*** | .74*** | –.69*** | n/a |
[i] Notes: *** = p < 0.001; ** = p < 0.01; * = p < 0.05; ns = p > 0.05; n/a =not applicable; awork-related health, Raykov’s factor reliability coefficients are displayed in parenthesis on the diagonal. aage categories á ten years, swomen = 1, men = 2.
Table 2
Average variance extracted (AVE) and Squared correlations of latent variables (SC) (n = 5341).
| AVE | SC | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | 2. | 3. | 4. | ||
| 1. Engagement | 0.88 | – | |||
| 2. Working Compulsively | 0.39 | 0.02 | – | ||
| 3. Working Excessively | 0.43 | 0.02 | 0.74 | – | |
| 4. Work-Home-Facilitation | 0.41 | 0.29 | 0.07 | 0.01 | – |
| 5. Work-Home-Conflict | 0.51 | 0.13 | 0.51 | 0.33 | 0.17 |
Table 3
Path coefficients of the structural model and types of mediation (n = 5341).
| PATHS | β | S.E. | CI 95% | TYPES OF MEDIATION | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Direct effectsa: | |||||
| Working excessively → positive work-related health | –.02 | .07 | (–.13, .09) | na | |
| Working excessively → negative work-related health | –.02 | .05 | (–.13, .09) | na | |
| Working compulsively → positive work-related health | –.01 | .06 | (–.13, .12) | na | |
| Working compulsively → negative work-related health | .01 | .06 | (–.11, .13) | na | |
| Work engagement → positive work-related health | .08*** | .02 | (.04, .12) | na | |
| Work engagement → negative work-related health | –.09*** | .02 | (–.13, –.06) | na | |
| WHC → positive work-related health | –.36*** | .02 | (–.40, –.31) | na | |
| WHC → negative work-related health | .67*** | .02 | (.63, .72) | na | |
| WFF → positive work-related health | .42*** | .02 | (.38, .45) | na | |
| WFF → negative work-related health | –.11*** | .02 | (–.14, –.07) | na | |
| Mediation effectsa: | na | ||||
| Working excessively→WHC→ positive work-related health | –.03 | .03 | (–.08, .03) | No-effect nonmediation | |
| Working excessively→WHC→negative work-related health | .05 | .05 | (–.05, .15) | No-effect nonmediation | |
| Working compulsively→WHC→ positive work-related health | –.22*** | .03 | (–.28, –.16) | Indirect-only mediation | |
| Working compulsively→WHC→negative work-related health | .42*** | .05 | (.31, .52) | Indirect-only mediation | |
| Working excessively→WHF→ positive work-related health | –.02 | .03 | (–.09, .04) | No-effect nonmediation | |
| Working excessively→WHF→negative work-related health | .01 | .01 | (–.01, .02) | No-effect nonmediation | |
| Working compulsively→WHF→ positive work-related health | –.06 | .03 | (–.12, .01) | No-effect nonmediation | |
| Working compulsively→WHF→negative work-related health | .02 | .01 | (–.00, .03) | No-effect nonmediation | |
| Work engagement→WHC→ positive work-related health | .10*** | .01 | (.08, .12) | Complementary mediation | |
| Work engagement→WHC→negative work-related health | –.20*** | .02 | (–.23, –.16) | Complementary mediation | |
| Work engagement→WHF→ positive work-related health | .22*** | .01 | (.19, .25) | Complementary mediation | |
| Work engagement→WHF→negative work-related health | –.06*** | .01 | (–.07, –.04) | Complementary mediation | |
[i] Note: β = Beta coefficient, S.E. = standard error, CI = confidence interval, acontrolled by gender and age, na = not applicable, WHC = work-home conflict, WHF = work-home facilitation, *** p < 0.001.
Figure 2
Direct Effect.
Note: *** = p < 0.001; ** = p < 0.01; * = p < 0.05. Dotted lines indicate non-significant paths.