Table 1
Details of study groups (MID, BIF, LP) in 1962 with participants of all ages and with participants aged 5–17. Additionally, the demographic details of the participants who filled-in the Living Conditions Questionnaire in 1998.
| MID | BIF | LP | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1962 | |||
| All n | 1101 | 760 | 527 |
| Mean age | 29.8 (SD 17.6) | 17.2 (SD 13.4) | 16.4 (SD 13.3) |
| Age 5–17 n | 377 | 537 | 368 |
| 1998 | |||
| Age 41–53 n | 170 | 156 | 91 |
| Male | 54.7% (93) | 57.1% (89) | 73.6% (67) |
| Response rate | 54.5% | 37.5% | 32.0% |
Figure 1
Attrition and grouping of persons in different phases of the study with people with ID, MID, BIF and LP.
Figure 2
People with BIF gave open answers to four questions about ‘things that bring joy and satisfaction’ (n = 117; 267 answers); ‘the most successful things in life’ (n = 102; 149 answers); ‘things that have failed’ (n = 86; 87 answers); and ‘things that are difficult’ (n = 92; 112 answers). This figure shows the five most commonly answered categories for each question.
Table 2
Satisfaction in life. This table shows the mean values of Likert scale answers, and proportions of answers evidencing satisfaction and dissatisfaction.
| MID | BIF | LP | F | GP | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health | |||||
| Meana | 3.1 (SD 0.9) | 2.9 (SD 0.9) | 3.0 (SD 0.8) | 1.706ns. | |
| Satisfiedb | 75.3% | 73.9% | 73.4% | ||
| Not at all satisfiedc | 4.3% | 7.8% | 3.3% | ||
| Subsistence | |||||
| Mean | 2.9 (SD 1.0) | 2.6 (SD 1.0) | 2.5 (SD 1.0) | 7.317 *** | |
| Satisfied | 70.6% | 56.3% | 51.2% | 67.0% | |
| Not at all satisfied | 10.0% | 17.9% | 17.0% | 11.5% | |
| Living conditions | |||||
| Mean | 3.4 (SD 0.8) | 3.3 (SD 0.8) | 3.2 (SD 0.8) | 2.799ns. | |
| Satisfied | 87.0% | 83.8% | 78.4% | ||
| Not at all satisfied | 3.1% | 3.4% | 3.4% | ||
| Partnership | |||||
| Mean | 3.1 (SD 1.1) | 3.1 (SD 1.1) | 3.0 (SD 1.1) | .061ns. | |
| Satisfied | 76.1% | 73.0% | 74.6% | ||
| Not at all satisfied | 14.9% | 16.2% | 14.7% | ||
| Relation with children | |||||
| Mean | 3.3 (SD 1.1) | 3.4 (SD 1.0) | 3.5 (SD 0.9) | .922ns. | |
| Satisfied | 81.2% | 83.5% | 88.4% | ||
| Not at all satisfied | 14.6% | 10.3% | 8.7% | ||
| Relation with friends | |||||
| Mean | 3.3 (SD 0.9) | 3.1 (SD 0.9) | 3.1 SD (0.8) | 1.900ns. | |
| Satisfied | 80.8% | 76.8% | 75.0% | ||
| Not at all satisfied | 4.0% | 6.3% | 1.1% | ||
| Relation with neighbour | |||||
| Mean | 3.1 (SD 0.9) | 2.9 (SD 0.9) | 3.0 (SD 0.9) | 1.263ns. | |
| Satisfied | 73.6% | 69.0% | 71.4% | ||
| Not at all satisfied | 5.1% | 8.5% | 4.8% | ||
| Hobbies | |||||
| Mean | 3.0 (SD 1.1) | 3.0 (SD 0.9) | 2.9 (SD 1.0) | .513ns. | |
| Satisfied | 72.0% | 71.2% | 71.3% | ||
| Not at all satisfied | 14.0% | 7.2% | 11.5% | ||
| Services | |||||
| Mean | 3.1 (SD 0.9) | 2.9 (SD 0.9) | 2.9 (SD 0.8) | 1.450ns. | |
| Satisfied | 73.8% | 67.6% | 71.4% | ||
| Not at all satisfied | 7.1% | 7.6% | 4.8% | ||
| Job | |||||
| Mean | 3.1 (SD 1.1) | 2.8 (SD 1.1) | 2.8 (SD 1.1) | 2.261ns. | |
| Satisfied | 72.2% | 67.2% | 68.0% | 84.4% | |
| Not at all satisfied | 13.0% | 17.2% | 16.0% | ||
| Education | |||||
| Mean | 2.8 (SD 1.1) | 2.6 (SD 1.0) | 2.5 (SD 1.0) | 1.987ns. | |
| Satisfied | 63.8% | 54.2% | 51.8% | ||
| Not at all satisfied | 16.2% | 16.1% | 20.5% | ||
| Life in general | |||||
| Mean | 3.4 (SD 0.8) | 3.2 (SD 0.9) | 3.1 (SD 0.9) | 2.518ns. | |
| Satisfied | 88.6% | 84.4% | 79.5% | 87.5% | |
| Not at all satisfied | 2.5% | 6.1% | 5.7% | 1.0% | |
| All mean | 3.1 (SD 0.6) | 3.0 (SD 0.6) | 2.9 (SD 0.6) | 3.828 * |
[i] Note: aMean of the Likert scale from 1 to 4 answers. bPercentages of Likert scale 3 and 4 answers. cLikert scale: 1 answer.
Figure 3
Occupational categories and proportions of each category in MID (MID; n = 52), BIF (BIF; n = 94), LP (LP; n = 55), and general population (GP; n = 1 130 726).
Figure 4
Occupations held by people with BIF were compared with a list of the most valued occupations in Finland. Only 6 occupations were among the first 100, and 30 were not within the 380 listed occupations.
Table 3
Information about family of the MID, BIF, LP, and GP.
| ALL | χ2/CRAMER’S V | MEN / WOMEN | χ2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Partnershipa | ||||
| MID | 28.8% (49) | 23.7% / 35.1% | 2.673ns. | |
| BIF | 63.5% (99) | } 77.65*** /.40 | 60.7% / 67.2% | .694ns. |
| LP | 76.9% (70) | 71.6% / 91.7% | 3.992* | |
| GP | 82.3% (885, 054) | 79.5% / 86.3% | ||
| Having children | ||||
| MID | 20.5% (32) | 16.3% / 25.7% | 2.107ns. | |
| BIF | 56.6% (81) | } 64.55***/.41 | 48.8% / 66.7% | 4.607* |
| LP | 67.8% (61) | 61.2% / 87.0% | 4.522* | |
| No. of children | ||||
| MID | 1.88 (min 1, max 5) | |||
| BIF | 1.94 (min 1, max 4) | } F = 6.801** | ||
| LP | 2.55 (min 1, max 7) | |||
| GP | 1.82 |
[i] Note: aIncludes marriage, cohabitation, divorce, and widowhood.
Table 4
Sense of exclusion in life.
| MID | BIF | LP | χ2 / CRAMER’S V | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sense of exclusion | 46.0% (75) | 47.7% (73) | 40.9% (36) | 1.067ns. /.04 |
| Childhood home | 14.8% (24) | 17.1% (26) | 6.9% (6) | 4.963ns. /.11 |
| School | 29.0% (47) | 24.3% (37) | 26.4% (23) | .878ns. /.05 |
| Work | 9.9% (16) | 14.5% (22) | 11.5% (10) | 1.597ns. /.06 |
| Friends | 11.7% (19) | 11.8% (18) | 13.8% (12) | .257ns. /.03 |
| Free time | 9.9% (16) | 10.5% (16) | 10.3% (9) | .038ns. /.01 |
| Neighbours | 6.8% (11) | 11.2% (17) | 4.6% (4) | 3.793ns. /.10 |
| Other | 4.9% (8) | 7.2% (11) | 3.4% (3) | 1.689ns. /.07 |
Table 5
Work and education with MID, BIF, LP, and GP.
| χ2 / CRAMER’S V | MEN / WOMEN | χ2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Work | ||||
| MID | 12.5% (21) | 15.0% / 9.2% | ||
| BIF | 43.6% (68) | 44.9% / 41.8% | ||
| LP | 54.9% (50) | 55.2% / 54.2% | ||
| GP | 88.1% | |||
| Full-time job | ||||
| MID | 8.9% (15) | 11.8% / 5.3% | 2,229ns. | |
| BIF | 35.9% (56) | } 60,226*** /.38 | 43.8% / 25.4% | 5,653* |
| LP | 51.6% (47) | 55.2% / 41.7% | 1.301ns. | |
| Part-time job | ||||
| MID | 3.6% (6) | 3.2% / 3.9% | ,064ns. | |
| BIF | 7.7% (12) | } 3,649ns. /.09 | 1.1% / 16.4% | 12,592*** |
| LP | 3.3% (3) | 0.0% / 12.5% | 8,661** | |
| Unemployed | ||||
| MID | 10.7% (18) | 10.8% / 10.5% | ,002ns. | |
| BIF | 23.1% (36) | } 9,239** /.15 | 20.2% / 26.9% | ,950ns. |
| LP | 15.4% (14) | 17.9% / 8.3% | 1,245ns. | |
| GP | 8.9% | |||
| Pensioner | ||||
| MID | 63.9% (108) | 63.4% / 64.5% | ,019ns. | |
| BIF | 30.8% (48) | } 58,005*** /.37 | 29.2% / 32.8% | ,235ns. |
| LP | 20.9% (19) | 20.9% / 20.8% | ,000ns. | |
| GP | 5.3% | |||
| Elementary school | ||||
| MID | 54.4% (86) | |||
| BIF | 88.7% (133) | } 58,347*** /.27 | ||
| LP | 87.8% (79) | |||
| Vocational school | ||||
| MID | 20.9% (33) | |||
| BIF | 36.0% (54) | } 23,225*** /.17 | ||
| LP | 48.9% (44) | |||
| Upper secondary school | ||||
| MID | 0.0% (0) | |||
| BIF | 1.3% (2) | } 4.771ns. /.08 | ||
| LP | 2.2% (2) | |||
| Years of schooling | ||||
| MID | 7.1 (SD 3.1, min 0, max 18) | 6.6 / 7.7 | ||
| BIF | 9.4 (SD 2.6, min 3, max 22) | } F = 36,929*** | 9.6 / 9.2 | |
| LP | 9.9 (SD 2.6, min 5, max 20) | 10.0 / 9.8 | ||
| GP | 10.0 |