Figure 1
Thirty-year (1990–2020) demographic variation by municipality in Mexico. Figure author’s own, data source: INEGI.
Figure 2
Variation of shrinking municipalities in Mexico. Figure author’s own, data source: INEGI Censos de Población y vivienda 1990–2020.
Table 1
Shrinking Cities in Mexico 1990–2020. Layout author’s own, data source: INEGI Censos de Población y vivienda 1990–2020.
| City | Federal state | Population (2020) | Rate of shrinkage (1990–2020) | Possible shrinkage determinant | Extreme poverty2 | Category3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moroleón | Guanajuato | 47,261 | 1.9% | Crisis of the textile industry | 3.32% | 1 |
| Minatitlan | Veracruz | 144,766 | 26% | Decrease in L. Cardenas refinery operations/ Environmental contamination | 10.1% | 1 |
| Salvatierra | Guanajuato | 94,126 | 3.6% | Structural trend of migration to US | 7.07% | 2 |
| Tamazula de Gordiano | Jalisco | 38,955 | 7.8% | Mechanization of sugar cane cutting (“Tamazula Ingenio” company) | 2.96% | 2 |
| Jiquilpan de Juárez | Michoacán | 36,158 | 1.5% | Structural trend of migration to US (Aguilar Ortega, 2011) | 7.16% | 2 |
| Tuxpan | Nayarit | 30,064 | 12.3% | Tobacco workers migration to US (Madera & Hernández, 2016) | 4.67% | 2 |
| Matias Romero Avendano | Oaxaca | 38,183 | 1.5% | Decrease in rail system operations | 17.7% | 2 |
| Tamazunchale | San Luis Potosi | 95,037 | 5.2% | Contamination by mining | 22.4% | 2 |
| Cerro Azul | Veracruz | 25,011 | 11.1% | Decrease in oil production | 8.22% | 2 |
| Cosamaloapan de Carpio | Veracruz | 54,737 | 28.7% | Sugar industry crisis | 8.45% | 2 |
| Agua Dulce | Veracruz | 44,104 | 6.6% | Decrease in oil production | 7.6% | 2 |
| Madera | Chihuahua | 25,144 | 29.9% | Presence of organized crime activities | 9.2% | 3 |
| Acámbaro | Guanajuato | 108,697 | 3.3% | Structural trend of migration to US | 4.8% | 3 |
| Yuriria | Guanajuato | 68,741 | 11% | Structural trend of migration to US | 8.59% | 3 |
| Teloloapan | Guerrero | 53,817 | 3% | Presence of organized crime activities | 21.4% | 3 |
| Huetamo | Michoacan | 41,973 | 4.6% | Structural trend of migration to US/ Public insecurity | 17.7% | 3 |
| Puruandiro | Michoacán | 69,260 | 2.3% | Structural trend of migration (Garcia & Delfin, 2012) | 16.8% | 3 |
| Tepalcatepec | Michoacán | 24,074 | 4.1% | Structural trend of migration /Public insecurity | 9.03% | 3 |
| Puente de Ixtla | Morelos | 40,018 | 8.9& | Natural disaster, earthquake 2018 | 18.4% | 3 |
| Santiago Ixcuintla | Nayarit | 93,981 | 5.2% | Productive reconversion of tobacco (Madera & Hernández, 2017) | 5.67% | 3 |
| Tecuala | Nayarit | 37,135 | 18.9% | Presence of organized crime activities (Meza et al. 2012) | 4.27% | 3 |
| Loma Bonita | Oaxaca | 40,934 | 2.4% | Structural trend of migration to US | 11.5% | 3 |
| Cardenas | San Luis Potosi | 38,317 | 3.8% | Decrease in rail system operations | 8.4% | 3 |
| Cerritos | San Luis Potosi | 22,075 | 2.7% | Lack of economic opportunities | 7.46% | 3 |
| Escuinapa | Sinaloa | 59,988 | 30.3% | Public insecurity | 4.87% | 3 |
| Benito Juarez | Sonora | 21,692 | 0.6% | Public insecurity | 5.1% | 3 |
| El Mante | Tamaulipas | 106,144 | 8.6% | Sugar industry crisis | 3.9% | 3 |
| San Fernando | Tamaulipas | 51,405 | 5.6% | Public insecurity | 12.8% | 3 |
| Lerdo de Tejada | Veracruz | 19,123 | 6.8% | Sugar industry crisis | 5.03% | 3 |
| Nochistlán de Mejía | Zacatecas | 27,945 | 13.6% | Structural trend of migration to US | 4.96% | 3 |
Figure 3
Suburbanization in Mexico, Metropolitan population growth 1990–2020. Figure author’s own, data source: INEGI Censos de Población y vivienda 1990–2020.
Figure 4
Suburbanization in Mexico, Metropolitan population growth trend for decades. Figure author’s own, data source: INEGI Censos de Población y vivienda 1990–2020.