Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Cox proportional hazard regression analysis
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | OR (95 CI) | P-value | OR | P-value |
| Female | 2.8 (1.1–7.1) | 0.03 | – | |
| Ischemic etiology of heart failure | 0.5 (0.2–1.2) | 0.15 | – | |
| Electrocardiographic parameter | ||||
| LBBB | 6.0 (2.3–15.7) | <0.01 | 4.2 (1.4–12.1) | 0.009 |
| QRSD >150 ms | 3.0 (1.1–8.1) | 0.03 | 4.2 (1.4–11.0) | 0.029 |
| Echocardiographic parameter | ||||
| LVEDV (per 20 mL/m2) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 0.35 | ||
| LVEF (per 5%) | 1.1 (0.9–1.5) | 0.31 | ||
| LAVI (per 10 mL) | 0.6 (0.4–0.8) | 0.001 | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) | 0.012 |
| LASr (per 10%) | 2.5 (1.3–4.7) | 0.005 | - | |
Patient characteristics
| Total group (n = 99) | LV responders (n = 63) | LV non-responders (n = 36) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (yr) | 70 (65–76) | 70 (64–74) | 71 (65–76) | 0.64 |
| Male | 63 (64%) | 35 (56%) | 28 (78%) | 0.03 |
| Medical history | ||||
| Ischemic heart failure | 51 (52%) | 29 (46%) | 22 (61%) | 0.21 |
| Hypertension | 32 (32%) | 23 (37%) | 9 (25%) | 0.27 |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 23 (23%) | 13 (21%) | 10 (28%) | 0.50 |
| COPD | 7 (7%) | 4 (6%) | 3 (8%) | 0.70 |
| Chronic kidney disease (MDRD <30) | 4 (4%) | 2 (3%) | 2 (6%) | 0.62 |
| ECG characteristics | ||||
| LBBB | 72 (73%) | 54 (86%) | 18 (50%) | <0.001 |
| QRSD [ms] | 166 ± 22 | 167 ± 16 | 163 ± 29 | 0.37 |
| QRSD >150 ms | 78 (79%) | 54 (86%) | 24 (67%) | 0.04 |
| Laboratory parameters | ||||
| MDRD [mL/min/1.73 m2] | 58 (45–61) | 60 (50–61) | 53 (43–60) | 0.07 |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 1438 (626–2791) | 1226 (567–2009) | 1776 (1184–3298) | 0.04 |
| Echocardiographic parameters | ||||
| LVEDV (mL/m2) | 117 (107–138) | 115 (100–136) | 122 (109–142) | 0.06 |
| LVESV (mL/m2) | 87 (71–106) | 84 (70–103) | 89 (75–108) | 0.25 |
| LVEF (%) | 28 ± 8 | 28 ± 7 | 27 ± 8 | 0.32 |
| LAVI (mL/m2) | 40 (31–52) | 36 (28–47) | 45 (37–60) | <0.001 |
| LASr (%) | 16 (10–21) | 18 (12–22) | 12 (8–17) | <0.005 |
| Mitral regurgitation ≥ moderate (n, %) | 34 (34%) | 18 (29%) | 16 (44%) | 0.13 |
| NYHA functional class | ||||
| II / III / IV | 35/62/2 (35%/63%/2%) | 25/37/1 (40%/59%/2%) | 10/25/1 (28%/69%/3%) | 0.37 |
| Heart failure medication | ||||
| Beta-blocker | 85 (86%) | 55 (87%) | 30 (83%) | 0.77 |
| Renin-angiotensin system antagonist | 89 (90%) | 58 (92%) | 31 (86%) | 0.49 |
| Mineralocorticoid antagonist | 36 (36%) | 20 (32%) | 16 (44%) | 0.28 |
| Lis diuretics | 59 (60%) | 32 (51%) | 27 (75%) | 0.02 |