Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Comparison of urinary bladder wall thickness among diabetic and non-diabetic patients
| Urinary bladder wall thickness in mm n (%) | Study participant Mean ± SD (range) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetics | 80 (50.0) | 3.18 ± 1.50 (1.68–4.68) | <0.001 |
| Non-diabetics | 80 (50.0) | 2.18 ± 0.41 (1.77–2.59) | |
Relationship of diabetes mellitus duration with urinary bladder wall thickness
| Urinary bladder wall thickness in mm n (%) | T2DM Mean ± SD (range) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| <6 year duration | 43 (53.75) | 1.16 ± 0.37 | 0.231 |
| >6 year duration | 37 (46.25) | 1.22 ± 0.42 | |
Association between urinary bladder wall thickness, glycaemic control, urinary bladder volume and duration of diabetes mellitus in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
| Variables | N | rho* | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| BWT | 78 | 0.119 | 0.309 |
| HBA1c | 78 | ||
| BWT | 80 | –0.009 | 0.937 |
| UBV | 80 | ||
| BWT | 80 | –0.163 | 0.148 |
| DDM | 80 |
Comparison of the urinary bladder wall thickness among all the study participants
| Urinary bladder wall thickness in mm n (%) | Study participant Mean ± SD (range) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 70 (43.75) | 2.84 ± 1.31 (1.52–4.15) | 0.159 |
| Female | 90 (56.25) | 2.9 ± 3.67(1.46–1.37) | |
Clinical parameters in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
| Variables | Diabetic n = 80 | Non-diabetic n = 80 |
|---|---|---|
| FBG in mmol/L*(Mean(Mean ± SD) | 7.6 ± 3.5 | 4.42 ± 0.4 |
| (Range) | (3.3–21.3) | (2.4–4.5) |
| n (%) | ||
| Good control (FBG <7.0) | 47 (58.75) | |
| Poor control (FBG >7.0) | 33 (41.25) | |
| HBA1c in %* | 7.0 ± 2.71 | |
| (Range) | (4.0–15.0) | |
| n (%) | ||
| Good control (HBA1c <6.5) | 44 (56.41) | |
| Poor control (HBA1c >6.5) | 34 (43.59) |
Comparison of urinary bladder wall thickness among diabetic men and women
| Urinary bladder wall thickness in mm n (%) | Study participant Mean ± SD (range) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 30 (37.5) | 3.66 ± 1.61 | 0.027 |
| Female | 50 (62.5) | 2.9 ± 1.37 | |
Demographic characteristics of study subjects
| Variables | Diabetic n = 80 | Non-n diabetic = 80 | Statistics | Df | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | |||||
| Mean ± SD* | 59.5 ± 10.4 | 60.2 ± 7.4 | 0.473 | 158 | 0.6368 |
| (Range) | (40–82) | (42–85) | |||
| (mean Male ± SD)* | 61.6 ± 8.4 | 60.1 ± 8.2 | 0.7606 | 68 | 0.4495 |
| (mean Female ± SD)* | 58.2 ± 11.4 | 60.2 ± 6.5 | 1.0034 | 88 | 0.3184 |
| n (%) | |||||
| <50 | 15 (18.75) | 7 (8.75) | 0.473 | 158 | 0.6368 |
| 50–59 | 17 (21.25) | 28 (35.0) | |||
| 60–69 | 33 (41.25) | 37 (46.25) | |||
| ≥70 | 15 (18.75) | 8 (10.0) | |||
| Gender, n (%)** | |||||
| Male | 30 (37.5) | 40 (50.0) | 2.5397 | 1 | 0.111 |
| Female | 50 (62.5) | 40 (50.0) | |||
| BMI | |||||
| (Mean ± SD)* | 27.06 ± 6.08 | 27.77 ± 4.39 | 0.8313 | 158 | 0.4071 |
| Range | (17.58–39.84) | (18.69–37.37) | |||
| Underweight | 5 (6.25) | 0 (0.0) | 1.282 | 2 | 0.108 |
| Normal | 25 (31.25) | 21 (26.25) | |||
| Overweight | 25 (31.25) | 37 (46.25) | |||
| Obese | 25 (31.25) | 22 (27.5) | |||
Predictors of urinary bladder wall thickness
| Variables | N | Statistic | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 80 | 0.44 | 0.665 |
| Sex | 80 | –2.33 | 0.023 |
| BMI | 80 | –0.62 | 0.537 |
| DDM | 80 | –0.92 | 0.362 |
| HBA1c | 80 | 0.90 | 0.369 |
| FBG | 80 | 1.04 | 0.300 |