References
- Arnaudo, D., Del Prete, S., Demma, C., Manile, M., Orame, A., Pagnini, M., Rossi, C., Rossi, P., & Soggia, G. (2022). The digital transformation in the Italian banking sector [Occasional paper no. 682]. Bank of Italy. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4109459
- Bank of Italy. (2024a). Rules to participate in Milano Hub. https://www.bancaditalia.it/focus/milano-hub/terza-call-for-proposals/Rules_Milano_Hub_3CfP.pdf?language_id=1
- Bank of Italy. (2024b). Third call for proposals – Provisions. https://www.bancaditalia.it/focus/milano-hub/terza-call-for-proposals/Provisions_Milano_Hub_3CfP.pdf?language_id=1
- Bank of Italy. (n.d.a) Fintech Channel. Retrieved 14 July 2025, from https://www.bancaditalia.it/focus/fintech/index.html
- Bank of Italy. (n.d.b) Milano Hub. Retrieved 14 July 2025, from https://www.bancaditalia.it/focus/milano-hub/index.html
- Bank of Italy. (n.d.c) The innovation facilitators of Bank of Italy. Retrieved 14 July 2025, from https://www.bancaditalia.it/focus/milano-hub/The_innovation_facilitators_of_Bank_of_Italy_ENG.pdf?language_id=1
- Butor-Keler, A., & Polasik, M. (2020). The role of regulatory sandboxes in the development of innovations on the financial services market: The case of the United Kingdom. Economics and Law, 19, 621–638.
- European Commission. (2018). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Central Bank, the European Economic and Social Committee, and the Committee of the Regions. FinTech action plan: For a more competitive and innovative European fi nancial sector. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:6793c578–22e6–11e8-ac73–01aa75ed71a1.0001.02/DOC_1&format=PDF
- European Commission. (2020). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee, and the Committee of the Regions. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52020DC0591
- European Supervisory Authorities (ESA) (2023, December 11). Report. Update on the functioning of innovation facilitators: Innovation hubs and regulatory sandboxes. https://www.eiopa.europa.eu/publications/joint-esas-report-innovation-facilitators-innovation-hubs-and-regulatory-sand-boxes_en
- European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. (2015, November 25). Directive 2015/2366 on Payment Services in the Internal Market (O. J. EU L 337, 2015, p. 35, as amended).
- Fedorowicz, M., & Zalcewicz, A. (2024). Challenges posed to the EU financial market by the implementation of the concept of sustainable financing. Bialystok Legal Studies, 29(1), 47–59. https://bsp.uwb.edu.pl/article/view/1006/838
- Finantsinspektsioon. (2022a, 10 October). Innovation Hub. https://www.fi.ee/en/finantsinspektsioon/innovation-hub
- Finantsinspektsioon. (2022b). Finantsinspektsioon Innovation Hub report 2022. Financial supervision in the fintech ecosystem: Observations on the work of the Innovation Hub. https://www.fi.ee/sites/default/files/2022–09/Innovatsioon_FI_eng_w.pdf
- FinTech Komisja Nadzoru Finansowego. (2021, April 28). Raport z prac Zespołu ds. Rozwoju innowacji finansowych FinTech. https://www.knf.gov.pl/knf/pl/komponenty/img/Raport_z_prac_Zespolu_ds_rozwoju_innowacji_finansowych_73565.pdf
- FinTech Komisja Nadzoru Finansowego. (n.d.). Homepage / Innovation Hub. Retrieved 14 July 2025, from https://fintech.gov.pl/innovation-hub
- Future Finance Poland / FinTech Poland. (2023). How to do fintech in Poland? Report 2023. https://fintech.gov.pl/images/How_to_do_Fintech_2023.pdf
- Gimpel, H., Rau, D., & Röglinger, M. (2017). Understanding fintech start-ups: A taxonomy of consumer-oriented service offerings. Electronic Markets, 28, 245–264.
- Gizbert-Studnicki, T. (2020). Nieostrość języka prawnego w świetle filozoficznych koncepcji nieostrości. Studia Iuridica, 83, 27–42. https://cejsh.icm.edu.pl/cejsh/element/bwmeta1.element.ceon.element-f3816a27–6717-3c3e-a114–50fa73201a67
- Gugliotta, O. R. (2021). The Paris Agreement 5 years later: The challenges of climate finance and multilateral development banks. Bialystok Legal Studies, 26(5), 23–40. https://bsp.uwb.edu.pl/article/view/1156/987
- Jurkowska-Zeidler, A., & Schweigl, J. (2024). Towards the greening of banking: A comparison of the Polish and Czech financial markets. Bialystok Legal Studies, 29(1), 205–218. https://bsp.uwb.edu.pl/article/view/1016/848
- Jutt, A. (2023, 31 August). The world is tuning fast into a global village. https://medium.com/@asgharjuttsst/the-world-is-tuning-fast-into-a-global-village-52b4c3131de8
- Kaźmierczak, A., Kotkowski, R., & Maciejewski, R. (2021). Pandemia COVID-19 a popyt na pieniądz gotówkowy i zmiany w zachowaniach płatniczych w Polsce w 2020 r. Studia i Prace Kolegium Zarządzania i Finansów, 182(4), 59–76. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357957942_Pandemia_COVID-19_a_popyt_na_pieniadz_gotowkowy_i_zmiany_w_zachowaniach_platniczych_w_Polsce_w_2020_r
- Korzeniowska, A. M., Rutecka-Góra, J., Swacha-Lech, M., & Waliszewski, K. (2023). Wpływ pandemii COVID-19 na finanse osobiste. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu. https://www.dbc.wroc.pl/dlibra/publication/160295/edition/122054/content
- McLuhan, M. (1962). The Gutenberg galaxy: The making of typographic man. University of Toronto Press.
- Meler, A., & Polasik, M. (2022). Zwyczaje płatnicze a postrzeganie metod płatności: badanie konsumenckie 2022. Polska bezgotówkowa & Polasik Research.
- Nguyen Thanh, B., Son, H. X., & Vo, D. T. H. (2024). Blockchain: The Economic and Financial Institution for Autonomous AI? Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 17(2), 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17020054
- Nowakowski, M. (2020). Fintech – technologia, finanse, regulacje. Praktyczny przewodnik dla sektora innowacji finansowych. Wolters Kluwer Polska.
- Schulz, K. (2024). Ustawa o nadzorze nad rynkiem finansowym. Komentarz. Wolters Kluwer Polska.
- Sejm of Poland. (2006). Act no. 157 of 21 July 2006 on the Supervision of the Financial Market (consolidated text: Journal of Laws of 2024, item 135).
- Synowiec, M. (2021). Indywidualna interpretacja Komisji Nadzoru Finansowego jako środek wykładni przepisów prawa regulujących działalność na rynku finansowym w zakresie innowacyjnym. Przegląd Prawa Handlowego, 6, 38–45.
- Taleb, N. N. (2007). The black swan: The impact of the highly improbable. Allen Lane.
- The Fintech Times. (2023.) Estonia is the thriving fintech hub of Europe. https://thefintechtimes.com/estonia-is-the-thriving-fintech-hub-of-europe/
- Urząd Komisji Nadzoru Finansowego. (2018). Regulamin Programu Innovation Hub. https://www.knf.gov.pl/knf/pl/komponenty/img/Regulamin%20Programu%20Innovation%20Hub.pdf