Optimal planning strategy among various arc arrangements for prostate stereotactic body radiotherapy with volumetric modulated arc therapy technique

Kang, Sang Won; Chung, Jin Beom; Kim, Jae Sung; Kim, In Ah; Eom, Keun Yong; Song, Changhoon; Lee, Jeong Woo; Kim, Jin Young; Suh, Tae Suk

doi:10.1515/raon-2017-0005

Figures & Tables

An arrangement of (A) one full arc (1FA), (B) one partial arc (1PA), (C) two full arcs (2FA), and (D) two partial arcs (2PA) in prostate SBRT-VMAT for the same patient.

An example of the dose distributions achieved with (A) one full arc (1FA), (B) one partial arc (1PA), (C) two full arcs (2FA), and (D) two partial arcs (2PA) arrangement in prostate SBRT-VMAT for the same patient.

Average dose-volume histograms of the (A) PTV, (B) bladder, (C) rectum, (D) left femoral head, and (E) right femoral head from prostate SBRT-VMAT plans for four arc arrangements (1FA, 1PA, 2FA, and 2PA).

Dosimetric results for target volumes in prostate SABR-VMAT plans using four arc arrangements_

	Avg ±SD (range)

	1FA	1PA	2FA	2PA
CTV coverage
D_50% (Gy)	44.9±0.4	44.6±0.5	44.5±0.5	44.4±0.3
D_50% (Gy)	(44.4-45.4)	(44.1-45.1)	(44.0-45.3)	(44.0-44.7)
D_5% (Gy)	46.0±0.1	45.9±0.1	45.9±0.1	45.8±0.2
D_5% (Gy)	(45.9-46.1)	(45.7-46.0)	(45.8-46.0)	(45.7-45.9)
D_95% (Gy)	43.5±0.5	43.1±0.4	43.1±0.6	42.8±0.2
D_95% (Gy)	(43.0-44.2)	(42.8-43.5)	(42.6-43.9)	(42.7-43.1)
V_100% (%)	98.4±1.8	97.9±0.0	97.8±3.8	97.6±2.0
V_100% (%)	(95.5-100.0)	(95.0-99.8)	(95.2-100.0)	(94.2-99.9)
PTV coverage
D_mean	44.3±0.2	44.2±0.1	44.1±0.3	44.3±0.1
D_mean	(44.2-44.6)	(44.0-44.4)	(44.0-44.6)	(44.2-44.5)
D_max	48.8±0.8	49.5±0.9	48.5±1.1	49.0±1.4
D_max	(47.8-49.8)	(48.4-50.5)	(47.2-50.0)	(47.4-50.5)
D_min	33.0±0.4	32.3±0.0	32.8±0.8	33.7±0.3
D_min	(32.4-33.2)	(31.9-33.7)	(32.1-33.9)	(33.4-34.1)
D_50% (Gy)	44.6±0.3	44.5±0.2	44.4±0.4	44.5±0.2
D_50% (Gy)	(44.2-45.0)	(44.3-44.8)	(44.1-45.0)	(44.3-44.8)
D_5% (Gy)	46.1±0.2	46.1±0.1	46.1±0.2	46.0±0.1
D_5% (Gy)	(45.9-46.3)	(45.9-46.2)	(45.9-46.3)	(45.9-46.2)
D_95% (Gy)	41.5±0.3	41.4±0.2	41.3±0.3	41.7±0.1
D_95% (Gy)	(41.1-41.8)	(41.2-41.8)	(41.0-41.7)	(41.6-41.9)
V_100% (%)	87.5±1.9	86.6±1.2	87.7±1.5	88.1±1.0
V_100% (%)	(85.1-90.2)	(85.0-87.8)	(85.8-89.3)	(87.1-89.9)
Conformity	1.05±0.00	1.04±0.01	1.03±0.01	1.05±0.01
index	(1.02-1.03)	(1.02-1.04)	(1.02-1.04)	(1.02-1.03)
Conformation	0.91±0.01	0.91±0.01	0.91±0.01	0.91±0.01
number	(0.90-0.92)	(0.09-0.92)	(0.91-0.92)	(0.90-0.93)
Homogeneity	0.10±0.01	0.11±0.00	0.11±0.01	0.10±0.00
index	(0.09-0.12)	(0.10-0.11)	(0.10-0.12)	(0.09-0.10)

Dose volume constraints adopted for planning study_

Volume	Rectum	Bladder	Femoral heads
	V_42.7_{Gy (100%)} < 5%	V_42.7_Gy(100%) < 10%	V_29.9_{Gy (70%)} < 50%
	V_38.4_{Gy (90%)} < 15%	V_34.7_{Gy (81%)} < 25%	D_max <29.9 Gy
Constraints	V_32.0_{Gy (75%)} < 35%	V_{29.9 Gy(70%)} < 50%
	V_28.0_{Gy (65%)} < 45%
	V_{_24.8_{Gy (58%)} < 70%}
	V_20.0_{Gy (47%)} < 80%

Average monitor unit and delivery time for prostate SBRT-VMAT plans using four arc arrangements_

Beams	1FA (Mean ± SD)	1PA (Mean ± SD)	2FA (Mean ± SD)	2PA (Mean ± SD)
MU	1575±63	1627±56	1646±97	1660±98

Delivery time (min)	1.01±0.02	0.69±0.01	2.00±0.01	1.36±0.02

TCP of prostate tumor and NTCP of OARs for four arc arrangement plans_

Beams	1FA (Mean±SD)	1PA (Mean±SD)	2FA (Mean±SD)	2PA (Mean±SD)
TCP (%)
Prostate	93.35±0.08	99.28±0.06	93.32±0.08	93.36±0.08
NTCP (%)
Rectum	0.44±0.23	0.61±0.21	0.40±0.23	0.56±0.22
Bladder	0.01±0.02	0.01±0.03	0.00±0.01	0.00±0.02
LT Femur	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00
RT Femur	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00

Parameters used to calculated Niemierko’s EUD-based TCP and NTCP_

Tissue	100%dpf (Gy)	Fraction (#)	α	γ₅₀	TD₅₀ (Gy)	TCD₅₀ (Gy)	dpf (Gy)	α/β (Gy)
Prostate	6.1	7	-10	1.0		28.34	2	1.20
Rectum	6.1	7	8.33	4	80		2	3.90
Bladder	6.1	7	2	4	80		2	8.00
Femur	6.1	7	4	4	65		2	0.85

Dosimetric results for organs at risk in prostate SABR-VMAT plans using four arc arrangements_

	Avg SD (range)

	IFA	1PA	2FA	2PA
Organs at risk
Rectum D_mean (Gy)	25.2±1.7	23.3±2.0	23.6±1.8	23.4±1.9
Rectum D_mean (Gy)	(23.1-27.2)	(21.4-25.8)	(21.3-26.0)	(21.3-26.4)
Rectum D_2% (Gy)	44.2±0.3	44.6±0.4	44.1±0.4	44.5±0.2
Rectum D_2% (Gy)	(43.7-44.5)	(44.0-45.1)	(43.8-44.7)	(44.3-44.9)
Rectum V_95% (%)	9.0±1.4	10.1±1.3	8.3±1.3	9.8±1.5
Rectum V_95% (%)	(6.6-10.3)	(8.1-11.5)	(7.0-10.2)	(7.6-11.6)
Rectum V_80% (%)	19.1±3.0	19.7±3.2	18.0±2.8	19.4±3.4
Rectum V_80% (%)	(15.1-23.2)	(15.2-23.8)	(15.2-21.9)	(14.8-24.3)
Rectum V_50% (%)	71.0±8.8	53.9±9.4	60.0±11.1	54.1±9.0
Rectum V_50% (%)	(61.1-80.1)	(41.9-63.7)	(46.9-77.4)	(42.5-66.7)
Rectum V_20% (%)	90.2±2.5	90.0±2.7	89.6±3.0	90.0±2.8
Rectum V_20% (%)	(87.7-93.4)	(87.1-94.1)	(85.6-93.5)	(87.3-94.0)
Bladder D_mean (Gy)	19.0±6.9	18.7±7.1	18.5±6.1	18.3±6.9
Bladder D_mean (Gy)	(13.4-31.1)	(13.2-31.0)	(15.7-29.0)	(12.9-30.4)
Bladder D_2% (Gy)	45.6±0.2	45.6±0.2	45.5±0.3	45.6±0.4
Bladder D_2% (Gy)	(45.5-45.8)	(45.3-45.9)	(45.0-45.8)	(45.3-46.4)
Bladder V_95% (%)	21.2±11.1	21.4±11.1	20.9±10.5	21.4±11.3
Bladder V_95% (%)	(10.5-39.3)	(10.6-39.4)	(10.3-37.7)	(10.7-39.9)
Bladder V_80% (%)	25.6±11.9	26.2±11.9	25.7±11.1	26.0±12.0
Bladder V_80% (%)	(16.6-46.4)	(16.5-46.3)	(16.6-44.6)	(16.3-46.2)
Bladder V_50% (%)	40.4±13.6	38.6±12.6	39.5±12.4	38.2±12.9
Bladder V_50% (%)	(29.4-64.1)	(28.5-60.5)	(29.2-60.7)	(27.5-60.6)
Bladder V_20% (%)	54.4±17.0	52.5±16.1	54.1±17.4	52.1±16.1
Bladder V_20% (%)	(37.2-79.1)	(36.4-76.5)	(37.0-79.4)	(36.2-76.1)
Left femoral head	12.8±1.8	18.7±2.3	12.7±2.4	13.9±1.4
D_mean (Gy)	(10.5-15.1)	(16.9-22.7)	(9.3-14.9)	(11.7-15.3)
Left femoral head	19.7±2.2	23.5±4.4	18.3±3.0	20.1±2.0
D_2% (Gy)	(16.9-21.8)	(15.6-26.1)	(13.4-20.7)	(16.7-21.8)
Right femoral	10.8±0.9	13.3±2.5	12.4±1.7	13.7±2.1
head D_mean (Gy)	(9.2-11.3)	(9.2-15.5)	(10.5-14.2)	(10.7-16.5)
Right femoral	16.4±1.3	20.6±3.7	18.1±1.9	19.7±2.3
head D_2% (Gy)	(14.3-18.0)	(14.3-23.6)	(15.8-20.1)	(16.2-22.5)

Optimal planning strategy among various arc arrangements for prostate stereotactic body radiotherapy with volumetric modulated arc therapy technique

Figures & Tables

Dosimetric results for target volumes in prostate SABR-VMAT plans using four arc arrangements_

Dose volume constraints adopted for planning study_

Average monitor unit and delivery time for prostate SBRT-VMAT plans using four arc arrangements_

TCP of prostate tumor and NTCP of OARs for four arc arrangement plans_

Parameters used to calculated Niemierko’s EUD-based TCP and NTCP_

Dosimetric results for organs at risk in prostate SABR-VMAT plans using four arc arrangements_

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