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Asphalt concrete pavement distress types and M-and-R alternatives
| M-and-R Method | Do Nothing | Crack Seal | Partial Depth Patch | Full Depth Patch | Skin Patch | Pothole Filling | Apply Heat & Roll Sand | Apply Surface Seal Emulsion | Apply Rejuvenation | Apply Aggregate Seal Coat | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Distress Type | |||||||||||
| 1 Alligator Cracking | M, H | M, H | L | L | |||||||
| 2 Bleeding | L | L, M, H | |||||||||
| 3 Block Cracking | L | L, M, H | L | L, M | |||||||
| 4 Bumps & Sags | L | M, H | M, H | M, H | |||||||
| 5 Corrugation | L | M, H | M, H | ||||||||
| 6 Depression | L | M, H | M, H | M, H | |||||||
| 7 Edge Cracking | L | L, M | M, H | M, H | If predominant, apply shoulder seal, e.g., aggregate seal coat | ||||||
| 8 Joint Reflective Cracking | L | L, M, H | H | ||||||||
| 9 Lane/Shoulder Drop Off | L | If predominant, level off shoulder and apply aggregate seal coat | |||||||||
| 10 Longitudinal Transverse Cracking | L | L, M, H | H | L | L | L, M | |||||
| 11 Patching & Utility Cut | L | M | H* | H* | *Replace patch | ||||||
| 12 Polished Aggregate | A | A | |||||||||
| 13 Potholes | L | L, M, H | L, M, H | ||||||||
| 14 Railroad Crossing | L | L, M, H | |||||||||
| 15 Rutting | L | L, M, H | M, H | L, M, H | |||||||
| 16 Shoving | L | M, H | |||||||||
| 17 Slippage Cracking | L | L | M, H | ||||||||
| 18 Swell | L | M, H | |||||||||
| 19 Weathering & Raveling | L | H | L, M | L | M, H |
PCI rating
| PCI | Rating |
|---|---|
| 85–100 | Excellent |
| 70–85 | Very good |
| 55–70 | Good |
| 40–55 | Fair |
| 25–40 | Poor |
| 10–25 | Very poor |
| 00–10 | Failed |
Structural composition of Al-Fiush Road pavement
| No. | Layer | Thickness, cm (in) | CBR |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Subgrade | 10 | |
| 2 | Sub-base | 30 (11.8) | 20 |
| 3 | Base | 20 (7.9) | 50 |
| 4 | Surface | 7 (2.75) | |
| Total thickness | 57(22.45) | ||
Traffic in passenger car equivalent units (PCUs) on sections of Al-Fiush Road
| No. | Vehicle type | PCU | Southbound | Northbound | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vehicles | PCU | Vehicles | PCU | |||
| 1 | Passenger car | 1 | 4,684 | 4,684 | 3,782 | 3,782 |
| 2 | Two-axle trucks | 2 | 2,679 | 5,358 | 3,436 | 6,872 |
| 3 | Trucks with ≥3 axles | 2 | 1,135 | 2,270 | 1,486 | 2,972 |
| Total PCU | 12,312 | 13,626 | ||||
PCI of additional samples for sections of Al-Fiush Road
| Sample No. | PCI | Sample No. | PCI | Sample No. | PCI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 27 | 105 | 81 | 217 | 26 |
| 17 | 82 | 128 | 81 | 220 | 51 |
| 30 | 46 | 158 | 32 | 230 | 60 |
| 84 | 73 | 173 | 87 | 237 | 67 |
| 87 | 88 | 199 | 17 | Average PCI | 59.5 |
Pavement design index
| Traffic category | Pavement design index for road or street classification | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| I | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| II | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| III | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| IV | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 |
| IVA | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 4 |
PCI values of Al-Fiush Road sections
| No. | Sample No. | Sample unit area, m2 (ft2) | PCI | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 213.5 (2,300) | 80 | Very good |
| 2 | 25 | 213.5 (2,300) | 100 | Excellent |
| 3 | 48 | 213.5 (2,300) | 91 | Excellent |
| 4 | 71 | 213.5 (2,300) | 78 | Very good |
| 5 | 94 | 213.5 (2,300) | 90 | Excellent |
| 6 | 117 | 213.5 (2,300) | 88 | Excellent |
| 7 | 140 | 213.5 (2,300) | 73 | Very good |
| 8 | 163 | 213.5 (2,300) | 81 | Very good |
| 9 | 186 | 213.5 (2,300) | 78 | Very good |
| 10 | 209 | 213.5 (2,300) | 70 | Very good |
| 11 | 232 | 213.5 (2,300) | 65 | Good |
| 12 | 255 | 213.5 (2,300) | 62 | Good |
| 13 | 278 | 213.5 (2,300) | 67 | Good |
| 14 | 301 | 213.5 (2,300) | 92 | Excellent |
| 15 | 324 | 213.5 (2,300) | 90 | Excellent |
| Average PCI of sections | 80.3 | Very good | ||
Road classification based on DHV
| Effective DHV (equivalent passenger cars per hour) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Class | Road | Street |
| A | ≥900 | ≥1,200 |
| B | 720–899 | 1,000–1,199 |
| C | 450–719 | 750–999 |
| D | 150–449 | 250–749 |
| E | 10–149 | 25–249 |
| F | <10 | <25 |