Is zooplankton an indicator of the water trophic level in dam reservoirs?

Pociecha, Agnieszka; Bielańska-Grajner, Irena; Kuciel, Hanna; Wojtal, Agata Z.

Is zooplankton an indicator of the water trophic level in dam reservoirs?

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

Volume 47 (2018): Issue 3 (September 2018)

By:

Agnieszka Pociecha, Irena Bielańska-Grajner, Hanna Kuciel and Agata Z. Wojtal

Open Access

|Sep 2018

Figures & Tables

Location of the zooplankton sampling sites in Poland.
Geographical regions: I - Southern Baltic Sea Coasts, Eastern Baltic Sea Coasts and Pomeranian Lakelands; II - Southern Baltic Lakelands and Eastern Baltic Lakelands; III - Central Poland Lowlands, Wysoczyzny Podlasko-Białoruskie high plains and Polesie Region; IV - Silesian-Kraków Upland, Małopolska Upland, Lublin-Lviv Upland and Carpathian Mts.; V - Sudety Mts. and Sudety Foreland; Dam reservoirs: 1 – Łapińskie Nowe Lake, 2 – Mylof Dam Reservoir, 3 – Koronowskie Lake, 4 – Zygmunt August Lake, 5 – Siemiatyckie Zalewy Reservoir, 6 – Próba Dam Reservoir, 7 – Wióry Dam Reservoir, 8 – Chańcza Dam Reservoir, 9 – Leśniańskie Lake (Leśniański Dam Reservoir), 10 – Lubachowski Dam Reservoir (Bystrzyckie Lake) — Location of the zooplankton sampling sites in Poland. Geographical regions: I - Southern Baltic Sea Coasts, Eastern Baltic Sea Coasts and Pomeranian Lakelands; II - Southern Baltic Lakelands and Eastern Baltic Lakelands; III - Central Poland Lowlands, Wysoczyzny Podlasko-Białoruskie high plains and Polesie Region; IV - Silesian-Kraków Upland, Małopolska Upland, Lublin-Lviv Upland and Carpathian Mts.; V - Sudety Mts. and Sudety Foreland; Dam reservoirs: 1 – Łapińskie Nowe Lake, 2 – Mylof Dam Reservoir, 3 – Koronowskie Lake, 4 – Zygmunt August Lake, 5 – Siemiatyckie Zalewy Reservoir, 6 – Próba Dam Reservoir, 7 – Wióry Dam Reservoir, 8 – Chańcza Dam Reservoir, 9 – Leśniańskie Lake (Leśniański Dam Reservoir), 10 – Lubachowski Dam Reservoir (Bystrzyckie Lake)

The number of zooplankton taxa in the studied dam reservoirs in 2012. 1 – Łapińskie Nowe Lake, 2 – Mylof Dam Reservoir, 3 – Koronowskie Lake, 4 – Zygmunt August Lake, 5 – Siemiatyckie Zalewy Reservoir, 6 – Próba Dam Reservoir, 7 – Wióry Dam Reservoir, 8 – Chańcza Dam Reservoir, 9 – Leśniańskie Lake, 10 – Lubachowski Dam Reservoir

Rotifera (A) and Crustacea (B) (a – Copepoda; b – Cladocera) density (ind. l−1) in the studied dam reservoirs in 2012. 1 – Łapińskie Nowe Lake, 2 – Mylof Dam Reservoir, 3 – Koronowskie Lake, 4 – Zygmunt August Lake, 5 – Siemiatyckie Zalewy Reservoir, 6 – Próba Dam Reservoir, 7 – Wióry Dam Reservoir, 8 – Chańcza Dam Reservoir, 9 – Leśniańskie Lake, 10 – Lubachowski Dam Reservoir

Indices calculated on the basis of density and species structure of Rotifera in the studied dam reservoirs: A – value after conversion, B – value of the indices

Indices	Reservoirs (according to order in Fig.1)
	1		2		3		4		5		6		7		8		9		10
	A	B	A	B	A	B	A	B	A	B	A	B	A	B	A	B	A	B	A	B
Number of rotifers (N, ind. l⁻¹)	152	46	39	39	180	47	3313	63	1455	58	13436	70	2453	61	2641	62	1069	57	818	55
Total biomass (B, mg w.w. l⁻¹)	0.14	53	0.02	42	0.06	49	0.63	62	1.21	65	3	64	1	64	1.2	65	0.2	55	0.1	53
Percentage of bacterivores in total number (BAC, %)	13	47	26	50	54	57	78	62	0.5	44	7	46	41	54	34	52	56	57	90	65
Percentage of tecta in the population of Keratella cochlearis (TECTA, %)	45	59	12	53	5	51	97	68	4	50	77	65	38	57	86	66	90	67	65	62
Ratio of biomass to the number (B:N, mg w.w. ind.⁻¹)	0.0009	36	0.0005	43	0.0003	49	0.0002	59	0.0008	37	0.0002	53	0.0004	46	0.0004	44	0.0002	58	0.0002	62
Percentage of species indicative of high trophy in the indicative group (IHT, %)	100	60	100	60	57	51	100	60	93	59	100	60	65	53	57	52	96	59	96	59

Numerical trophic state indices for dam reservoirs, irrespective of their trophic type (TSIRot) and (TSICR); the indices use species composition and density of Rotifera and Crustacea (according to Ejsmont-Karabin 2013)

No.	Indices	Regression coefficient	Formulas
1	Number of rotifers (N, ind. l⁻¹)	R² = 0.60	WST_Rot1 = 5.38ln(N) + 19.28
2	Total biomass (B, mg w.w. l⁻¹)	R² =0.47	WST_Rot2 = 5.63ln(B) + 64.47
3	Percentage of bacterivores in the total number (BAC, %)	R² = 0.34	WST_Rot3= 0.23BAC + 44.30
4	Percentage of tecta in the population of Keratella cochlearis (TECTA, %)	R² = 0.54	WST_Rot4 =0.187TECT + 50.38
5	Ratio of biomass to the number (B:N, mg w.w. l⁻¹: ind. l⁻¹)	R²= 0.50	WST_ROt5 = 3.85 (B:N)^-0.318
6	Percentage of species indicative of high trophy in the indicative group (IHT, %)	R²= 0.67	WST_Rot6 = 0.203 IHT + 40.0
7	Number of Crustacea (N, ind. l⁻¹)	R²= 0.32	WST_CR1 = 25.5N ^0.142
8	Biomass of Cyclopoida (B, mg w.w. l⁻¹)	R²= 0.35	WST_CR2 = 57.6B ^0.081
9	Percentage of cyclopoid biomass in total biomass of Crustacea (CB,%)	R²= 0.30	WST_CR3 = 40.9CB ^0.097
10	Ratio of cyclopoid biomass to Cladocera biomass (CY/CL)	R²= 0.37	WST_CR4= 58.3(CY/CL) ^0.071
11	Percentage of species indicative of high trophy in the indicative group (IHT,%)	R²= 0.30	WST_CR5 = 43.8e^0.004(IHT)

Indices calculated on the basis of density and species structure of Crustacea in the studied dam reservoirs: A – value after conversion, B – value of the indices

Indices	Reservoirs (according to order in Fig.1)
	1		2		3		4		5		6		7		8		9		10
	A	B	A	B	A	B	A	B	A	B	A	B	A	B	A	B	A	B	A	B
Number of Crustacea (N, ind. l⁻¹)	12	36	26	40	154	52	1402	71	197	54	626	64	557	62	207	54	1082	69	135	51
Biomass of Cyclopoida (B, mg w.w. l⁻¹)	0.03	44	0.04	45	1.7	60	7.5	68	1.5	60	4.3	65	2.7	62	3.5	64	7.2	67	1	57
Percentage of cyclopoid biomass in total biomass of Crustacea (CB,%)	35	58	15	53	36	58	65	61	19	54	66	61	33	57	25	56	76	62	12	52
Ratio of cyclopoid biomass to Cladocera biomass (CY/CL)	0.54	56	0.33	54	0.75	57	1.9	61	0.24	51	2	61	1.2	59	0,37	54	0.8	57	0.6	56
Percentage of species indicative of high trophy in the indicative group (IHT,%)	50	53	80	60	58	55	97	64	55	54	90	63	41	52	14	46	18	47	79	60

Trophic state of the studied dam reservoirs corresponding to the value of indices calculated on the basis of density and species structure of Rotifera and Crustacea_

Reservoirs	Rotifera indices of trophic state	Crustacea indices of trophic state
Łapińskie Nowe Lake	low eutrophic	low meso-eutrophic
Mylof Dam Reservoir	high meso-eutrophic	low meso-eutrophic
Koronowskie Lake	high meso-eutrophic	high meso-eutrophic to low eutrophic
Zygmunt August Lake	high eutrophic to polytrophic	high eutrophic to polytrophic
Siemiatyckie Zalewy Reservoir	mesotrophic to high eutrophic	high meso-eutrophic to low eutrophic
Próba Dam Reservoir	high eutrophic to polytrophic	high eutrophic
Wióry Dam Reservoir	high eutrophic	low to high eutrophic
Chańcza Dam Reservoir	high eutrophic to polytrophic	high meso-eutrophic to high eutrophic
Leśniańskie Lake	low to high eutrophic	low eutrophic to polytrophic
Lubachowski Dam Reservoir	low to high eutrophic	low eutrophic

Selected physicochemical parameters of water in the studied dam reservoirs (after Pociecha & Bielańska-Grajner 2015)

Parameters		Reservoirs (according to order in Fig. 1)
Parameters		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
SD	m	1.4	3.4	2.7	0.3	1.2	0.8	1.3	1.0	1.6	2.3
WT	°C	12.6	14.8	14.6	19.2	19.2	21.3	21.7	22.4	16.7	16.1
EC	μS cm⁻¹	372	274	326	335	359	376	402	254	135	246
pH		7.7	7.6	7.5	7.6	8.1	8.5	8.0	7.7	5.6	7.8
DO	mg l⁻¹	11.2	8.5	5.9	3.1	14.8	13.1	8.8	14.1	8.2	6.6
No₃ ⁻		3.1	0.5	0.5	0.08	0.04	0.03	0.21	0.1	2.05	2.4
po₄ ³⁻		0.4	0.3	0.5	0.01	0.03	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.07	0.25
NH₄ ⁺		0.04	0.1	0.2	0.03	0.1	0.02	0.28	0.1	0.1	0.06
Cl^-		17.3	10.2	12.7	11.9	12.8	31.2	26.7	12.4	8.1	17.6
Mg²⁺		8.0	4.9	6.8	11.75	10.2	10.2	16.8	6.9	2.65	11.1
Ca²⁺		62.05	48.9	56.75	55.7	58.1	53.0	45.7	43.6	12.9	28.3

Characteristics of the studied dam reservoirs in Poland (nd – no data)

Name of dam reservoir	Łapinskie Nowe Lake	Mylof Dam Reservoir	Koronowskie Lake	Zygmunt August Lake	Siemiatyckie Zalewy Reservoir	Próba Dam Reservoir	Wióry Dam Reservoir	Chańcza Dam Reservoir	Leśniańskie Lake	Lubachowski Dam Reservoir
Location	Kolbudy	Zapora	Koronowo	Czechowizna	Siemiatycze	Próba	Pawłów, Knurów	Chańcza	Leśna	Lubachów
Coordinates	54°17′25″N 18°26′47″E	53°47′38″N 17°40′32″E	53°32′34″N 17°58′01″E	53°27′36″N 22°53′39″E	52°26′12″N 22°52′10″E	51°30′41″N 18°39′24″E	50°56′48″N 21°10′12″E	50°38′40″N 21°03′18″E	51°01′52″N 15°18′10″E	50°45′02″N 16°25′34″E
Year of creation	1925	1848	1960	1559	70’s XX age	2001	1980	1984	1905	1917
River	Radunia	Brda	Brda	Nereśl	Kamionka	Żeglina	Świślina	Czarna Staszowska	Kwisa	Bystrzyca
Area	0.35 km ²	10.5 km ²	13.5 km ²	4.85 km ²	0.33 km ²	0.21 km ²	4. 15 km ²	4.7 km ²	1.4 km ²	0.51 km ²
Capacity	2.5 M m³	16.2 M m³	80. 6 M m³	no data	0. 59 M m³	no data	35 M m³	20.59 M m³	15 M m³	8 M m³
Max depth	15.4 m	12 m	21.2 m	3.5 m	5.1 m	4 m	10 m	11 m	12 m	36 m
Catchment	forest	forest	agroforestry	agriculture	agroforestry	forest	agriculture	forest	forest	forest
Function	retention, energy, fishing	retention, energy, fishing	retention, energy, fishing, recreation	fish farming	retention, fishing, recreation	retention, fishing, recreation	retention, energy, fishing, recreation	retention, energy, fishing, recreation	retention, energy, fishing, recreation	retention, energy, fishing, recreation
Retention time (in days)	nd	12.5	38	nd	nd	nd	nd	218	37.8	54.8

Dominant species of zooplankton (%) in the studied dam reservoirs in 2012

Dominant species	Reservoirs (according to the order in Fig. 1)
Dominant species	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
Rotfera
Conochilus unicornis		17
Keratella cochlearis		30	12		43	27	41		38	57
Keratella tecta			14	45		33			24	28
Keratella quadrata		10
Lecane closterocerca	15
Polyartdra dolichoptera	17
Polyartdra longiremis					16
Polyartdra major								22
Polyartdra vulgaris								16
Pompholyx sulcata								40
Synchaeta oblonga	13
Trichocerca pusilla			50
Trichocerca similis					10				16
Cladocera
Bosmina longirostris	15			61		76	18	53		73
Ceriodaphnia quadralunga	16					13	10
Chydorus sphaericus		15	30	25	12
Daphnia ambigua							13
Daphnia cucullata			26		15		19	10	36
Daphnia galeata					25			18
Diaphanosoma brachyurum		46					19
Eubosmina coregoni									50	11
Eubosmina crassicornis					38
Eubosmina gibbera								15
Eubosmina tdersities
Copepoda
Eudiaptomus gracilis		13
Tdermocyclops crassus						10
Tdermocyclops oitdnoides							17

The trophic state of dam reservoirs corresponding to the value of indices calculated on the basis of density and species structure of Rotifera and Crustacea (after Ejsmont-Karabin 2013)

Zooplankton value of trophic state indices	Trophic state
Below 35	Oligotrophic
From 35 to 45	Mesotrophic
From 45 to 50	Low meso-eutrophic
From 50 to 55	High meso-eutrophic
From 55 to 60	Low eutrophic
From 60 to 65	High eutrophic
Above 65	Polytrophic

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ohs-2018-0027 | Journal eISSN: 1897-3191 | Journal ISSN: 1730-413X

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Language: English

Page range: 288 - 295

Submitted on: Sep 18, 2017

Accepted on: Jan 12, 2018

Published on: Sep 21, 2018

Published by: University of Gdańsk

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

Keywords:

zooplankton,

biological indicators of water quality,

eutrophication,

ecological state of dam reservoirs

Related subjects:

© 2018 Agnieszka Pociecha, Irena Bielańska-Grajner, Hanna Kuciel, Agata Z. Wojtal, published by University of Gdańsk
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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Is zooplankton an indicator of the water trophic level in dam reservoirs?

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Indices calculated on the basis of density and species structure of Rotifera in the studied dam reservoirs: A – value after conversion, B – value of the indices

Numerical trophic state indices for dam reservoirs, irrespective of their trophic type (TSIRot) and (TSICR); the indices use species composition and density of Rotifera and Crustacea (according to Ejsmont-Karabin 2013)

Indices calculated on the basis of density and species structure of Crustacea in the studied dam reservoirs: A – value after conversion, B – value of the indices

Trophic state of the studied dam reservoirs corresponding to the value of indices calculated on the basis of density and species structure of Rotifera and Crustacea_

Selected physicochemical parameters of water in the studied dam reservoirs (after Pociecha & Bielańska-Grajner 2015)

Characteristics of the studied dam reservoirs in Poland (nd – no data)

Dominant species of zooplankton (%) in the studied dam reservoirs in 2012

The trophic state of dam reservoirs corresponding to the value of indices calculated on the basis of density and species structure of Rotifera and Crustacea (after Ejsmont-Karabin 2013)

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