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Mixing of brine waste in Puck Bay (the south Baltic Sea) in the light of in-situ measurements Cover

Mixing of brine waste in Puck Bay (the south Baltic Sea) in the light of in-situ measurements

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies
Volume 45 (2016): Issue 1 (March 2016)
By: Małgorzata Robakiewicz  
Open Access
|Mar 2016

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

General view of the Gulf of Gdańsk (A), including the location of the discharge site (B) and the variability of the mean monthly salinity in the surface layer in the Outer Puck Bay and in the Puck Lagoon (based on data from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management for 1965-1974, see Nowacki 1993) (C)
General view of the Gulf of Gdańsk (A), including the location of the discharge site (B) and the variability of the mean monthly salinity in the surface layer in the Outer Puck Bay and in the Puck Lagoon (based on data from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management for 1965-1974, see Nowacki 1993) (C)

Figure 2

General view on: (a) the discharge system with 16 diffuser’s blocks marked as D spaced every 45 m, (b) a single block, and (c) discharge from a single block through 3 nozzles, according to the project of EMPORIUM
General view on: (a) the discharge system with 16 diffuser’s blocks marked as D spaced every 45 m, (b) a single block, and (c) discharge from a single block through 3 nozzles, according to the project of EMPORIUM

Figure 3

Location of the system of diffusers and in-situ measurements (dots – diffuser’s blocks; squares – CTD measurement sites; crosses A, B – continuous measurement sites) in the WGS84 system of coordinates
Location of the system of diffusers and in-situ measurements (dots – diffuser’s blocks; squares – CTD measurement sites; crosses A, B – continuous measurement sites) in the WGS84 system of coordinates

Figure 4

Changes in wind conditions (2010, 2011 – Gdynia station; 2012 – location S), water currents in location A, salinity in locations A and B, total discharge and concentration of salt in brine during three periods: early stage (2010), intermediate stage (2011), target stage (2012); sample results of measurements
Changes in wind conditions (2010, 2011 – Gdynia station; 2012 – location S), water currents in location A, salinity in locations A and B, total discharge and concentration of salt in brine during three periods: early stage (2010), intermediate stage (2011), target stage (2012); sample results of measurements

Figure 5

Salinity distribution in verticals S, 9, 10, 17 and 18 on four selected dates: 27.10.2010, 4.05.2011, 26.07.2011, 1.08.2012.
Salinity distribution in verticals S, 9, 10, 17 and 18 on four selected dates: 27.10.2010, 4.05.2011, 26.07.2011, 1.08.2012.

Figure 6

Spatial distribution of salinity in the bottom layer on: a - 27.10.2010, b - 26.07.2011, c - 24.01.2012 and d - 1.08.2012
Spatial distribution of salinity in the bottom layer on: a - 27.10.2010, b - 26.07.2011, c - 24.01.2012 and d - 1.08.2012

Figure 7

Salinity distribution in vertical cross-sections 25-1 and 11-16 on: a - 27.10.2010, b - 26.07.2011, c - 24.01.2012 and d - 1.08.2012
Salinity distribution in vertical cross-sections 25-1 and 11-16 on: a - 27.10.2010, b - 26.07.2011, c - 24.01.2012 and d - 1.08.2012

Figure 8

Schematic diagram of an idealized discharge configuration, where d – diameter of source, U0 – initial velocity, Θ0 – angle of incidence, XY, Y – coordinates of the maximum of the center line, Xi – coordinate of the impact point, Xe – coordinate of the edge point, Hs – source height above the boundary
Schematic diagram of an idealized discharge configuration, where d – diameter of source, U0 – initial velocity, Θ0 – angle of incidence, XY, Y – coordinates of the maximum of the center line, Xi – coordinate of the impact point, Xe – coordinate of the edge point, Hs – source height above the boundary

Figure 9

Wind conditions preceding in-situ measurements executed on 26 August 2011, as measured at the Gdynia station
Wind conditions preceding in-situ measurements executed on 26 August 2011, as measured at the Gdynia station

Figure 10

Water flow velocity and direction at a depth of 1m above the bottom in location B in the period of 21-26 August 2011
Water flow velocity and direction at a depth of 1m above the bottom in location B in the period of 21-26 August 2011

Figure 11

Spatial distribution of salinity: a − maximum salinity values in verticals, b – salinity at the bottom; dots – measurement locations
Spatial distribution of salinity: a − maximum salinity values in verticals, b – salinity at the bottom; dots – measurement locations

Figure 12

Salinity distribution in the A-A vertical cross-section based on in-situ measurements (dots) with the theoretical shape of a single jet estimated in the pre-investment study (solid line) and the center line location based on measurements (dashed line)
Salinity distribution in the A-A vertical cross-section based on in-situ measurements (dots) with the theoretical shape of a single jet estimated in the pre-investment study (solid line) and the center line location based on measurements (dashed line)

Figure 13

Comparison of the characteristic dimensions of a single jet estimated on the basis of measurements, relations derived from laboratory experiments (Cipollina 2005, Bashitialshaaer et al. 2012), theoretical investigations (Oliver 2013a) and the predictive model JET3D (Robakiewicz & Robakiewicz 2008)
Comparison of the characteristic dimensions of a single jet estimated on the basis of measurements, relations derived from laboratory experiments (Cipollina 2005, Bashitialshaaer et al. 2012), theoretical investigations (Oliver 2013a) and the predictive model JET3D (Robakiewicz & Robakiewicz 2008)

Values of the return/impact point dilution coefficient S estimated by relations based on laboratory experiments, modelling approaches and analytical solution for discharge with a 45° angle of incidence and stagnant water conditions, compared with estimates based on in-situ measurements (Hs – source height above the boundary, d – source diameter, Fr – densimetric Froude number)

Hs/(Frd)Dilution coefficient
Laboratory experiments
Nemlioglu & Roberts(2006)Not started,boundary interaction323
Shao & Law(2010)0.05-0.47239
Papakonstantis et al.(2011)0.37-1.39295±26.6
Lai & Lee(2012)0.24-0.92203
Analytical solution
Kikkert et al.(2007)No boundary182
Predictive models
VisJet (Lai 2010)No boundary148
CorJet(Jirka 2008)No boundary123
JET 3D

-condition as assumed in the pre-investment study

(Robakiewicz & Robakiewicz 2008)		1.37360
Measurements1.75458

Comparison of brine discharge conditions assumed in the pre-investment study and actual brine discharge conditions_

ParameterAssumedActual
Nozzle diameter d(m)0.0080.009
Exit flow velocity U0(ms-1)3022.2÷22.45
Density of effluent ρe(kgm-3)11601160
Density of ambient water ρa(kgm-3)10051005
Densimetric Froude number Fr(-)273190-192
Angle of incidence(deg)4545
Velocity in reservoir v(ms-1)00.02÷0.06

Parameters of brine discharged during selected in-situ measurements

DateQ (m3h–1)ρ (kg m–3)d (m)wind direction (deg)wind velocity (m s–1)
arm 1arm 2arm 3arm 4total
27.10.20100.00.076.857.8135.310550.0082252

measured in Gdynia station

26.07.201175.555.90.061.5192.911350.0093154

measured in Gdynia station

24.01.201274.974.574.775.8299.911640.0093152

measured in Gdynia station

1.08.201274.067.078.076.0295.011600.0091203.5

measured at a center of installation (location S)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ohs-2016-0005 | Journal eISSN: 1897-3191 | Journal ISSN: 1730-413X
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Language: English
Page range: 42 - 54
Submitted on: May 5, 2015
Accepted on: Sep 1, 2015
Published on: Mar 10, 2016
Published by: University of Gdańsk
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
brine discharge,
in-situ measurements,
Puck Bay,
mixing process,
salinity of water
Related subjects:
Chemistry,
Chemistry, other,
Geosciences,
Geosciences, other,
Life sciences,
Life sciences, other

© 2016 Małgorzata Robakiewicz, published by University of Gdańsk
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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