Fig. 1
Weft fabric prototypes (1.5 mm × 1.5 mm grid size) for the test connected with protective properties against electromagnetic radiation: (a) PAN fibers with silver nanoparticles, (b) PAN fibers with gold nanoparticles.
Fig. 2
Stand for measuring transmission losses.
Fig. 3
Surfaces of PAN fibers obtained: (a) with the participation of silver particles (PANAg), (b) with the participation of gold particles (PANAu), (c) the reference fiber (PAN).
Fig. 4
The particle structure of: (a) polyacrylonitrile; (b) polymethylmethacrylate; (c) sodium allilosulfonian.
Table 1
The measurement of the elemental composition of PAN pure and doped fibers.
| PANpure | PANAu | PANAg | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Element [%] | Atomic percent [%] | Element [%] | Atomic percent [%] | Element [%] | Atomic percent [%] | |
| C | 62.14 | 66.46 | 72.99 | 76.63 | 61.74 | 66.36 |
| N | 29.66 | 27.21 | 21.98 | 19.81 | 30.94 | 28.51 |
| O | 7.67 | 6.16 | 4.28 | 3.30 | 5.95 | 4.80 |
| Ag | – | – | – | – | 0.80 | 0.10 |
| Au | – | – | 0.16 | 0.01 | – | – |
| C:O | 10.8:1 | 23.2:1 | 13.8:1 | |||
| C:N | 2.4:1 | 3.9:1 | 2.3:1 | |||
Table 2
The size and particle size distribution of Ag and Au.
| Elements | Intensity-weighted | Volume-weighted | Number-weighted | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diameter [nm] | [%] | Diameter [nm] | [%] | Diameter [nm] | [%] | |
| 1.3 | 3.7 | 1.3 | 68.8 | 1.3 | 85.2 | |
| Ag | 3.5 | 22.4 | 3.1 | 30.4 | 3.0 | 14.7 |
| 16.7 | 73.9 | 14.7 | 0.8 | 13.9 | 0.1 | |
| 10.5 | 2.0 | 9.3 | 1.3 | 8.8 | 0.2 | |
| Au | 280.3 | 30.6 | 244.1 | 11.9 | 236.1 | 3.7 |
| 438.2 | 67.3 | 452.3 | 86.8 | 433.4 | 96.1 | |
Fig. 5
UV-Vis spectra of PAN fibers and PAN fibers doped with silver or gold (where ‘a.j.’ stands for relative units).
Fig. 6
Shielding effectiveness of PANAg, PANAu and pure PAN fibers.