Table 1
Atmospheric boiling temperature of the solvents and ligands.
| Boiling temperatures [°C] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Solvent | ||
| Methanol | 64.7 | |
| Ethanol | 78 | |
| n-propanol | 97 | |
| 2-methoxyethanol | 124 | |
| Ligand | ||
| 2-(methylamino)ethanol | 159 | |
| Monoethanolamine | 170 | |
| Diethanolamine | 268 | |
Fig. 1
Process flow chart for preparation of ZnO thin films.
Table 2
The details of solutions.
| No. of solution | Ligand | Solvent |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2-(methylamino)ethanol | Methanol |
| 2 | Ethanol | |
| 3 | n-propanol | |
| 4 | 2-methoxyethanol | |
| 5 | Monoethanolamine | Methanol |
| 6 | Ethanol | |
| 7 | n-propanol | |
| 8 | 2-methoxyethanol | |
| 9 | Diethanolamine | Methanol |
| 10 | Ethanol | |
| 11 | n-propanol | |
| 12 | 2-methoxyethanol |
Fig. 2
XRD patterns of ZnO thin films obtained using Zn-solutions with 2-(methylamino)ethanol and different solvents: (a) methanol, (b) ethanol, (c) n-propanol and (d) 2-methoxyethanol baked at different temperatures.
Fig. 3
Surface morphology of ZnO thin film using Zn-solution with 2-(methylamino)ethanol and ethanol baked at 160 °C.
Fig. 4
Surface morphologies of ZnO thin films using Zn-solutions with 2-(methylamino)ethanol and different solvents: (a) methanol, (b) ethanol, (c) n-propanol and (d) 2-methoxyethanol baked at different temperatures.
Fig. 5
XRD patterns of ZnO thin films using Zn-solutions with monoethanolamine and different solvents: (a) methanol, (b) ethanol, (c) n-propanol and (d) 2-methoxyethanol baked at different temperatures.
Fig. 6
Surface morphologies of ZnO thin films using Zn-solutions with monoethanolamine and different solvents: (a) methanol, (b) ethanol, (c) n-propanol and (d) 2-methoxyethanol baked at different temperatures.
Fig. 7
XRD patterns of ZnO thin films using Zn-solutions with diethanolamine and different solvents: (a) methanol, (b) ethanol, (c) n-propanol and (d) 2-methoxyethanol baked at different temperatures.
Fig. 8
Surface morphologies of ZnO thin films using Zn-solutions with diethanolamine and different solvents: (a) methanol, (b) ethanol, (c) n-propanol and (d) 2-methoxyethanol baked at different temperatures.