Fig. 1
Typical shape of R(T) characteristics of thick-film resistor (left) and a simple DC electrical equivalent circuit for the surface and buried resistor (right).
Fig. 2
Principle of operation of continuous gas-flow type cryostat.
Fig. 3
Thick-film resistors test matrix and signal pins.
Fig. 4
Resistance and its standard deviation vs. temperature (R323): a dotted blue line – mean-value resistance measured R, b red and green lines – +/-standard deviation of resistance.
Fig. 5
Mean-value differential TCR characteristics vs. temperature, R323 – green line, R324 – light blue dotted line, R325 – yellow line, DP1931 – blue line, DP1939 – red line.
Table 1
Matrix of resistances for every test coupon at each temperature.
| [mm] | w = 5.91 | w = 5.19 | w = 3.96 | w = 2.51 | w = 1.31 | w = 0.59 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| l = 5.91 | R1(T) | R2(T) | R3(T) | R4(T) | R5(T) | R6(T) |
| l = 5.19 | R7(T) | R8(T) | R9(T) | R10(T) | R11(T) | R12(T) |
| l = 3.96 | R13(T) | R14(T) | R15(T) | R16(T) | R17(T) | R18(T) |
| l = 2.51 | R19(T) | R20(T) | R21(T) | R22(T) | R23(T) | R24(T) |
| l = 1.31 | R25(T) | R26(T) | R27(T) | R28(T) | R29(T) | R30(T) |
| l = 0.59 | R31(T) | R32(T) | R33(T) | R34(T) | R35(T) | R36(T) |
Fig. 6
Thermal characteristics of relative (normalized) resistance Rr, R323 – green line, R324 – light blue dotted line, R325 – yellow line, DP1931 – blue line, DP1939 – red line.
Fig. 7
Relative resistance Rr vs. temperature and its standard deviation (DP1931), blue circles – mean values of measured relative resistance, red and blue lines – Rr +/-standard deviation of relative resistance, green continuous line – relative resistance characteristics approximated by polynomial.
Fig. 8
Two-dimensional plot of relative errors at 0 °C.
Fig. 9
Plot of temperature dependence of relative errors, average error – blue line, maximal error – red line, minimal error – green line.
Fig. 10
Two-dimensional plot of relative errors at 0 °C.
Fig. 11
Plot of temperature dependence of relative errors, average error – blue line, maximal error – red line, minimal error – green line.
Fig. 12
Two-dimensional plot of relative errors at –120 °C.
Fig. 13
Plot of temperature dependence of relative errors, average error – blue line, maximal error – red line, minimal error – green line.
Fig. 14
Two-dimensional plot of relative errors at –180 °C.
Fig. 15
Plot of temperature dependence of relative errors, average error – blue line, maximal error – red line, minimal error – green line.
Fig. 16
Two-dimensional plot of relative errors at –180 °C.
Fig. 17
Plot of temperature dependence of relative errors, average error – blue line, maximal error – red line, minimal error – green line.
Fig. 18
Two-dimensional plot of relative errors at –80 °C.
Fig. 19
Plot of temperature dependence of relative errors, average error – blue line, maximal error – red line, minimal error – green line.
Table 2
Maximal mean errors for examined type of resistors at 0 °C, –80 °C and –180 °C.
| S [%] = max{|S|, |Smin|, |Smax|} | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DP1931 | DP1939 | R323 | R324 | R325 | ||||||
| A | B | A | B | A | B | A | B | A | B | |
| 0 °C | 8.3· 10−4 | 7.86 | 0.018 | 0.280 | 0.019 | 1.08 | 0.016 | 6.36 | 0.007 | 1.54 |
| –80 °C | 0.21 | 7.92 | 0.431 | 0.620 | 0.648 | 1.14 | 0.735 | 6.55 | 0.567 | 1.69 |
| –180 °C | 0.49 | 7.97 | 3.190 | 3.200 | 1.470 | 1.44 | 1.702 | 6.14 | 1.029 | 1.93 |