Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Youth motivations to watch sports in Indian context: exploring cross-nationality and cross-gender differences Cover

Youth motivations to watch sports in Indian context: exploring cross-nationality and cross-gender differences

Open Access
|Mar 2016

References

  1. Agas, K., Georgakarakou, C., Mylonakis, J., and Panagiotis, A. (2012),“Traveling Abroad internal and external motives toward different sports fan types”,, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 111-126.
  2. Armstrong, G. (1998),:”,Berg, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 344-347.
  3. Armstrong, K.L., Stratta, T.M.P. (2004), “Market analyses of race and sport consumption”, S, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 7-16.
  4. Bauer, H.H., Sauer, E.N., Schmitt, P. (2005), “Customer-based brand equity in the team sport industry: Operationalization and impact on the economic success of sport teams”,Vol. 39, No. 5/6, pp. 496-513.
  5. Burke, R.R. (2002), “Technology and the customer interface: What consumers want in the physical and virtual store”,Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 411–432.
  6. Correia, A., Esteves, S. (2007), “An exploratory study of spectators’ motivation in football. International”,Vol. 2, No. 5/6, pp. 572-90.
  7. Dobel, J.P. (2010), “The Difference between Fans, Spectators and Audiences”, available at:(accessed April 5th, 2015).
  8. Hsieh, L.W., Wang, C.H., and Yoder, T.W. (2011), “Factors Associated with Professional Baseball Consumption: A Cross-Cultural Comparison Study”,, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 135-159.
  9. Kim, S., Greenwell, T.C., Andrew, D.P.S., Lee, J., Mahony, D.F. (2008), “An analysis of spectator motives in an individual combat sport: A study of mixed martial arts”,Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 109-19.
  10. Koo, G.Y., and Hardin, R. (2008), “Difference in Interrelationship between Spectators Motives and Behavioural Intention Based on Emotional Attachment”,Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 30-43.
  11. Kwon, H., Trail, G. (2001), “A comparison of American and international students”,Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 147-55.
  12. Menefee, W.C. (2009), “Globalization in professional sport: A comparison of Chinese and American basketball spectators”, Doctoral dissertation, North Carolina State University. Retrieved on 10September 2015, from.
  13. Milne, G.R., McDonald, M.A. (1999), “Sport Marketing: Managing the Exchange Process”,, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 259-262.
  14. Naik, A.Y., Gupta, A. (2012), “Indian Premier League and Team Brand Building: Validating the Spectator-Based Brand Equity Model in context of Television viewers”,Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 115-118.
  15. Price Water House Coopers Report. (December, 2011), “Changing the game: Outlook for the global sports market to 2015”, available at:(accessed March 16th, 2015), pp. 6-22.
  16. Reim, S. (2013), “Impact of Individualism and Collectivism on Sport Spectator Motivation”,, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 71-88.
  17. Robinson, M.J. Trail, G.T, (2005), “Relationships among spectator gender, motives, points of attachment and sport preference”,Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 58-80.
  18. Rosca, V. (2011), “Improving Sport Brands’ Reputation through Marketing Events”, Management & Marketing, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 605-626.
  19. Sloan, L.R. (1989), “The Motives of Sports Fans”, in Goldstein, J.H. (ed.),,, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 175-240.
  20. Sloan, L.R., Bates, S., Davis, W., and Schweiger, P.K. (1987), “Sports Need for Achievement and Power Scale (SNAPS)”,, pp. 215-22.
  21. Trail, G.T., James, J.D. (2001), “The motivation scale for sport consumption: Assessment of the scale’s psychometric properties”,Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 108-27.
  22. Wann, D.L. (1995), “Preliminary validation of sport fan motivation scale”,Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 377-396.
  23. Wann, D.L., Grieve, F.G., Zapalac, R.K., Pease, D.G. (2008), “Motivational profiles of sport fans of different sports”,Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 6-19.
  24. Won, J., and Kitamura, K. (2007), “Comparative analysis of sport consumer motivations between South Korea and Japan”,Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 93-105.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/mmcks-2015-0022 | Journal eISSN: 2069-8887 (formerly 1842-0206) | Journal ISSN: 1842-0206
Language: English
Page range: 330 - 340
Published on: Mar 19, 2016
Published by: Society for Business Excellence
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2016 Anish Yousaf, Makhmoor Bashir, Insha Amin, published by Society for Business Excellence
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.