Goodness-of-fit criteria for the compared models_
| Model | X2 | CFI | SRMR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Measurement (four-dimensional) | 156.8 (48) | 0.83 | 0.095 |
| Modified measurement The error covariance between one pair of similarly worded items was freed. | 100.2 (47) | 0.94 | 0.079 |
| Two-dimensional Combined mastery and performance dimensions. | 218.2 (43) | 0.80 | 0.122 |
| Modified two-dimensional The error covariance between two pairs of similarly worded items was freed. | 102.3 (51) | 0.93 | 0.108 |
| Three-dimensional Mastery-extrinsic orientation excluded. | 64.9 (24) | 0.93 | 0.085 |
| Modified three-dimensional The error covariance between one pair of similarly worded items was freed. | 52.15 (23) | 0.95 | 0.075 |
| Reduced four-dimensional Excluded one item from mastery-intrinsic and performance-approach dimensions. | 153.31 (32) | 0.84 | 0.075 |
| Modified and reduced | 57.05 (31) | 0.96 | 0.054 |
| four-dimensional The error covariance between one pair of similarly worded items was freed. |
Zero-order correlations and descriptive statistics_
| M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Two-dimensional solution | ||||||||
| 1. 2Dmastery orientation | 5.92 | 0.94 | – | − | ||||
| 2. 2Dperformance orientation | 3.52 | 1.14 | 0.13 | – | ||||
| Three-dimensional solution | ||||||||
| 1. 3Dmastery-intrinsic orientation | 6.23 | 0.85 | – | |||||
| 2. 3Dperformance-approach orientation | 4.35 | 1.30 | 0.32 p<0.001. | – | ||||
| 3. 3Dperformance-avoidance orientation | 2.70 | 1.29 | −0.08 | 0.36 p<0.001. | – | |||
| Reduced four-dimensional solution | ||||||||
| 1. R4Dmastery-intrinsic orientation | 6.46 | 0.82 | – | |||||
| 2. R4Dmastery-extrinsic orientation | 5.61 | 1.20 | 0.54 p<0.001. | – | ||||
| 3. R4Dperformance-approach orientation | 4.74 | 1.41 | 0.16 | 0.34 p<0.001. | – | |||
| 4. R4Dperformance-avoidance orientation | 2.70 | 1.29 | −0.15 | −0.02 | 0.45 p<0.001. | – |
Factor loadings, internal consistencies and corrected item–total correlations for parallel solutions_
| Factor | Item | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| α | λ | rcit | Original scale | |
| Two-dimensional model (58.1% of variance explained), goodness-of-fit χ2/df=160.3/34,p<0.001 | ||||
| Factor 1 | 0.89 | |||
| 26. To develop as much as possible is an important goal for me in my training. | 0.85 | 0.75 | Mast-int | |
| 4. An important goal for me is to get good results in sports. | 0.84 | 0.78 | Mast-ext | |
| 28. Getting good results is important for me. | 0.82 | 0.74 | Mast-ext | |
| 34. My goal is to do well in training. | 0.79 | 0.73 | Mast-ext | |
| 11. I train to improve and develop my fitness level. | 0.72 | 0.68 | Mast-int | |
| 17. To develop is an important goal for me in my training. | 0.64 | 0.60 | Mast-int | |
| Factor 2 | 0.81 | |||
| 24. It is important for me not to fail in front of other people when I exercise. | 0.82 | 0.72 | Perf-avo | |
| 9. I try to avoid situations in training in which I might look less fit or weak. | 0.82 | 0.65 | Perf-avo | |
| 16. I try to avoid situations in training in which I might fail or make mistakes. | 0.82 | 0.64 | Perf-avo | |
| 29. It is important for me that others think that I am competent and fit. | 0.50 | 0.52 | Perf-appr | |
| 22. It feels really good if I manage to show others that I am really fit. | 0.48 | 0.50 | Perf-appr | |
| Three-dimensional model (64.6% of variance explained), goodness-of-fit χ2/df=16.6/12,p=0.166 | ||||
| Factor 1 | 0.87 | |||
| 16. I try to avoid situations in training in which I might fail or make mistakes. | 0.89 | 0.77 | Perf-avo | |
| 9. I try to avoid situations in training in which I might look less fit or weak. | 0.79 | 0.75 | Perf-avo | |
| 24. It is important for me not to fail in front of other people when I exercise. | 0.75 | 0.71 | Perf-avo | |
| Factor 2 | 0.81 | |||
| 11. I train to improve and develop my fitness level. | 0.91 | 0.76 | Mast-int | |
| 17. To develop is an important goal for me in my training. | 0.87 | 0.73 | Mast-int | |
| 26. To develop as much as possible is an important goal for me in my training. | 0.65 | 0.58 | Mast-int | |
| Factor 3 | 0.68 | |||
| 29. It is important for me that others think that I am competent and fit. | 0.76 | 0.61 | Perf-appr | |
| 1. An important goal for me when I exercise is to do better than other people. | 0.60 | 0.42 | Perf-appr | |
| 22. It feels really good if I manage to show others that I am really fit. | 0.53 | 0.48 | Perf-appr | |
| Reduced four-dimensional model (71.5% of variance explained), goodness-of-fit χ2/df=16.5/11,p=0.123 | ||||
| Factor 1 | 0.87 | |||
| 28. Getting good results is important for me. | 0.89 | 0.78 | Mast-ext | |
| 4. An important goal for me is to get good results in sports. | 0.78 | 0.78 | Mast-ext | |
| 34. My goal is to do well in training. | 0.71 | 0.71 | Mast-ext | |
| Factor 2 | 0.87 | |||
| 16. I try to avoid situations in training in which I might fail or make mistakes. | 0.85 | 0.77 | Perf-avo | |
| 9. I try to avoid situations in training in which I might look less fit or weak. | 0.82 | 0.75 | Perf-avo | |
| 24. It is important for me not to fail in front of other people when I exercise. | 0.73 | 0.71 | Perf-avo | |
| Factor 3 | 0.89 | |||
| 11. I train to improve and develop my fitness level. | 0.93 | 0.81 As these factors include only two items, the corrected item-total correlation should be interpreted with caution. | Mast-int | |
| 17. To develop is an important goal for me in my training. | 0.75 | 0.81 As these factors include only two items, the corrected item-total correlation should be interpreted with caution. | Mast-int | |
| Factor 4 | 0.70 | |||
| 29. It is important for me that others think that I am competent and fit. | 0.76 | 0.54 As these factors include only two items, the corrected item-total correlation should be interpreted with caution. | Perf-appr | |
| 22. It feels really good if I manage to show others that I am really fit. | 0.58 | 0.54 As these factors include only two items, the corrected item-total correlation should be interpreted with caution. | Perf-appr | |