Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Distribution of unique cited references by in-text frequency and function_
| Frequency | Perfunctory | Reviewed | Supportive | Contrastive | Applied | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 citation | 108 (21%) | 255 (48%) | 102 (19%) | 12 (2%) | 54 (10%) | 531 (100%) |
| 2 citations | 13 (10%) | 59 (45%) | 30 (23%) | 11 (9%) | 17 (13%) | 130 (100%) |
| 3 citations | 2 (3%) | 30 (47%) | 12 (19%) | 7 (11%) | 13 (20%) | 64 (100%) |
| 4 citations | 0 (0%) | 9 (24%) | 7 (19%) | 10 (27%) | 11 (30%) | 37 (100%) |
| 5+ citations | 0 (0%) | 9 (19%) | 10 (21%) | 10 (21%) | 18 (39%) | 47 (100%) |
| Total | 123 (15%) | 362 (45%) | 161 (20%) | 50 (6%) | 113 (14%) | 809 (100%) |
Distribution of unique cited references by in-text frequency and levels of influence_
| Levels of influence | Citation frequency | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5+ | |
| Perfunctory only | 108 (20%) | 13 (10%) | 2 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Perfunctory or reviewed only | 363 (68%) | 53 (41%) | 20 (31%) | 8 (22%) | 5 (11%) |
| Applied | 54 (10%) | 17 (13%) | 13 (20%) | 11 (30%) | 18 (38%) |
| Applied or contrastive | 66 (12%) | 28 (22%) | 20 (31%) | 21 (57%) | 28 (60%) |
| Applied or contrastive or supportive | 168 (32%) | 58 (45%) | 32 (50%) | 28 (76%) | 38 (81%) |
| Total unique | 531 | 130 | 64 | 37 | 47 |
Distribution of all in-text citation occurrences by function_
| Perfunctory | Reviewed | Supportive | Contrastive | Applied | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # of in-text citation occurrences | 230 | 759 | 249 | 79 | 156 | 1,473 |
| % of in-text citation occurrences | 15.6% | 51.5% | 17.0% | 5.0% | 11.0% | 100% |
Distribution of in-text citations by the frequency with which they appear_
| Citation frequency | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5+ | All |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # of unique cited references | 531 | 130 | 64 | 37 | 47 | 809 |
| % of unique cited references | 66% | 16% | 8% | 5% | 6% | 100% |
| Total in-text occurrences | 531 | 260 | 192 | 148 | 342 | 1,473 |
| % of the in-text occurrences | 36% | 18% | 13% | 10% | 23% | 100% |
In-text citations by function and location_
| Section | Perfunctory | Reviewed | Supportive | Contrastive | Applied | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Introduction | 125 (32%) | 205 (52%) | 30 (8%) | 18 (5%) | 14 (4%) | 392 (100%) |
| Background | 5 (3%) | 175 (94%) | 5 (3%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 186 (100%) |
| Related Studies/ | 61 (21%) | 212 (72%) | 14 (5%) | 4 (1%) | 3 (1%) | 294 (100%) |
| Literature Review | ||||||
| Methodology | 9 (2%) | 120 (32%) | 126 (34%) | 24 (6%) | 92 (25%) | 371 (100%) |
| Results/Findings | 9 (8%) | 23 (19%) | 42 (36%) | 9 (8%) | 35 (30%) | 118 (100%) |
| Discussion/Conclusion | 21 (19%) | 24 (21%) | 32 (29%) | 23 (21%) | 12 (11%) | 112 (100%) |
| Total | 230 (16%) | 759 (52%) | 249 (17%) | 79 (5%) | 156 (11%) | 1,473 (100%) |