Abstract
For decades now, we are talking about that in science in general, and in linguistics in particular a structuralist paradigm is naturally complemented with an anthropocentric paradigm – with its inherent attention to human cognitive structures. Following the question “how?” we more and more often ask the question “why?”. This is a logical way of development of human thought in the process of cognition of reality: first, based on the differential and integral signs, organize, and then wonder why the system looks exactly the way it looks, with its tendentiousness and illogicalities. The aim of the article is to study the correlation between lexical phenomena of metonymy and metaphor and cognitive structure of perception. This study is in line with a new scientific approach proposed by evolutionary epistemology: cognitive and evolutionary. This approach implies increased attention to human perception and logic in their evolution. Based on the information of anthroponimic sciences related to linguistics about degrees of perception and logics quality, this approach allows to see the deep reasons of phenomena being studied.