Helminths of Milvago chimango temucoensis (Aves: Falconiformes) from Los Ríos Region, Chile: New Records for Neotropical Raptors

P. Oyarzún-Ruiz; P. Muñoz-Alvarado; E. Raffo

doi:10.1515/helmin-2016-0037

Abstract

The goal of the present survey was to improve the scarce knowledge regard the endoparasites of raptors in Chile and South America. Thus, necropsy was performed on 14 chimango caracara Milvago chimango temucoensis from Los Ríos Region, Chile. From all examined birds, 78.6% were positive to helminths. The species identified were Capillaria tenuissima, Pterothominx sp., Baruscapillaria falconis, Cosmocephalus obvelatus, Skrjabinoclava sp., Synhimantus (Dispharynx) nasuta, Synhimantus (D.) sp., Synhimantus (Synhimantus) sp., Paracuaria adunca, Procyrnea spinosa, Porrocaecum depressum, Contracaecum rudolphii sensu lato, Stephanoprora sp. and Polymorphus mutabilis. All species listed, with the exception of C. tenuissima, P. spinosa and P. depressum, are new records for the chimango caracara. Furthermore C. obvelatus, Skrjabinoclava sp., S. (D.) nasuta, S. (D.) sp., P. adunca, C. rudolphii s. l., Stephanoprora sp. and P. mutabilis all are new records for Neotropical raptors.

References

Acosta, I., Hernández, S., Gutiérrez, P., Martínez-Cruz, M., Hernández, E., Buffoni, L., Martínez-Moreno, F. (2010): Acuaroid nematodes in the common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) in the south of Spain. Vet. J., 183(2): 234 – 237. DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.10.013
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Alarcos, A., Etchegoin, J. (2010): Parasite assemblages of estuarine-dependent marine fishes from Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina). Parasitol. Res., 107: 1083 – 1091. DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-1974-z
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Alda, P., Martorelli, S. (2014): Larval trematodes infecting the South-American intertidal mud snail Heleobia australis (Rissooidea: Cochliopidae). Acta Parasitol., 59(1): 50 – 67. DOI: 10.2478/s11686-014-0209-3
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Amato, J., Monteiro, C., Amato, S. (2006): Contracaecum rudolphii Hartwich (Nematoda, Anisakidae) from the neotropical cormorant, Phalacrocorax brasilianus (Gmelin) (Aves, Phalacrocoracidae) in southern Brazil. Rev. Bras. Zool., 23(4): 1284 – 1289. DOI: 10.1590/S0101-81752006000400046
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Amin, O. (1992): Review of the genus Polymorphus Luhe, 1911 (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae), with the synonymization of Hexaglandula Petrochenko, 1950, and Subcorynosoma Hoklova, 1967, and a key to the species. Qatar Univ. Sci. J., 12: 115 – 123
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Anderson, R.C., Wong, P.L. (1982): The transmission and development of Paracuaria adunca (Creplin, 1846) (Nematoda: Acuarioidea) of gulls (Laridae). Can. J. Zool., 60: 3092 – 3104. DOI: 10.1139/z82-393
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ávila, S.D., Bessa, E.C.A., Souza-Lima, S., Rodríguez, M.L.A. (2011) : Biased sex ratio and niche restriction in Baruscapillaria obsignata (Madsen 1945) (Nematoda, Capillariidae) from Columba livia (Aves, Columbidae). J. Helminthol., 86(4): 401 – 405. DOI: 10.1017/S0022149X11000563
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Azuma, H., Okamoto, M., Ohbayashi, M., Nishine, Y, Mukai, T. (1988): Cosmocephalus obvelatus (Creplin, 1825) (Nematoda: Acuariidae) collected from the esophagus of Rockhopper penguin, Eudyptes crestatus. Jpn. J. Vet. Res., 36: 73 – 77
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bartmann, A., Amato, S. (2009): Dispharynx nasuta (Nematoda: Acuariidae) em Guira guira e Crotophaga ani (Cuculiformes: Cuculidae) no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Ciênc. Rural, 39(4): 1152 – 1158. DOI: 10.1590/S0103-84782009005000059
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
BirdLife International (2012): Milvago chimango. In: IUCN 2015. 2015 IUCN The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved July 3, 2015 from http//www.iucnredlist.org
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Boero, J.J., Led, J.E. (1971): El parasitismo de la fauna autóctona. V) Los parasitos de las aves argentinas VI) Los parasitos de los ofidios argentines VII) Los parasites de los murciélagos argentines. Analecta Vet, 3: 91 – 103
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Borgsteede, F., Okulewicz, A., Zoun, P., Okulewicz, J. (2003): The helminth fauna of birds of prey (Accipitriformes, Falconiformes and Strigiformes) in the Netherlands. Acta Parasitol., 48(3): 200 – 207
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Brandao, M., Luque, J., Scholtz, T., Kostadinova, A. (2013): New records and descriptions of digeneans from the magellanic penguin Spheniscus magellanicus (Forster) (Aves: Sphenisciformes) on the coast of Brazil. Syst. Parasitol., 85: 79 – 98. DOI: 10.1007/s11230-013-9410-2
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Brickle, P., Mackenzie, K. (2007): Parasites as biological tags for Eleginops maclovinus (Teleostei: Eleginopidae) around the Falkland Islands. J. Helminthol., 81: 147 – 153. DOI: 10.1017/S0022149X07750514
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bush, A., Lafferty, K., Lotz, J., Shostak, A. (1997): Parasitology meets ecology on its own terms: Margolis et al. revisited. J. Para-sitol., 83: 575 – 583. DOI: 10.2307/3284227
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Carballo, M., Navone, G., Cremonte, F. (2011): Parasites of the silversides Odontesthes smitti and Odontesthes nigricans (Pisces: Atherinopsidae) from Argentinean Patagonia. Comp. Parasitol.,78(1): 95 – 103. DOI: 10.1654/4445.1
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Carreno, R. (2008): Dispharynx, Echinuria and Streptocara. In: Atkinson, C., Thomas, N., Hunter, D. (Eds) Parasitic Diseases of wild birds. Iowa, USA: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 326 – 335
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Coulson, J., Taft, S., Coulson, T. (2010): Gastrointestinal parasites of the swallow-tailed kite (Elanoides forficatus), including a report of lesions associated with the nematode Dispharynx sp. J. Raptor Res., 44(3): 208 – 214. DOI : 10.3356/JRR-09-71.1
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Cremonte, F., Navone, G. (1999): Co-occurrence of Pectinospirura argentata Wehr, 1933, Skrjabinoclava andersoni n. sp. and larvae (Nematoda: Acuariidae) in the proventriculus of Larus dominicanus Lichtenstein (Aves: Laridae), with notes on their attachment. Syst. Parasitol., 42: 203 – 211. DOI: 10.1023/A: 1006054720048
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
De Melo, C., Oliveira, J., Feitosa, T., Vilela, V., Athayde, A., Dantas, A., Wagner, P., Febrônio, A. (2013): Parasites of Psittaciformes and Accipitriformes in Paraíba state, northeastern Brazil. Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet., 22(2): 314 – 317. DOI: 10.1590/S1984-29612013000200051
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Díaz, J., Cremonte, F., Navone, G. (2001): New host and distribution record of Cosmocephalus obvelatus (Creplin, 1825) (Nematoda: Acuariidae) with morphometric comparitions. Comp. Parasitol.,68(2): 277 – 282
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Díaz, J., Cremonte, F., Navone, G. (2004): First record of the acuarioid nematode Paracuaria adunca from South America, with new morphological details and discussion of cordons. Comp. Parasitol., 71(2): 238 – 242. DOI: 10.1654/4110
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Díaz, J., Cremonte, F., Navone, G. (2010): Helminths of the magellanic penguin, Spheniscus magellanicus (Sphenisciformes), during the breeding season in Patagonian coast, Chubut, Argentina. Comp. Parasitol., 77(2): 172 – 177. DOI: 10.1654/4441.1
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Díaz, J., Cremonte, F., Navone, G. (2011): Helminths of the kelp gull, Larus dominicanus, from the northern Patagonian coast. Parasitol. Res., 109: 1555 – 1562. DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2396-2
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Drago, F.B., Lunaschi, L.I., Draghi, R. (2014): Digenean fauna in raptors from northeastern Argentina, with the description of a new species of Strigea (Digenea: Strigeidae). Zootaxa, 3785(2): 258 – 270. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3785.2.8
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Etchegoin, J., Martorelli, S. (1997): A new species of the genus Stephanoprora Odhner, 1902 (Digenea, Echinostomatidae) from Argentina. Acta Parasitol., 42(2): 74 – 76
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Etchegoin, J., Cremonte, F., Navone, G. (2000): Synhimantus (Synhimantus) laticeps (Rudolphi, 1819) Railliet, Henry et Sisoff, 1912 (Nematoda, Acuariidae) parasitic in Tyto alba (Gmelin) (Aves, Tytonidae) in Argentina. Acta Parasitol., 45(2): 99 – 106
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Fagerholm, H.P., Overstreet, R. (2008): Ascaroid Nematodes: Contracaecum, Porrocaecum and Baylisascaris. In: Atkinson, C., Thomas, N., Hunter, D. (Eds) Parasitic Diseases of wild birds.Iowa, USA: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 419
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ferguson-Lees, J., Christie, D. (2006): Systematic section. Raptors of the World. London, England: Christopher Helm Publishers, pp. 317, 400 – 402, 518
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Fernandez, V., Semenas, L., Viozzi, G. (2012): Parasites of the “peladilla”, Aplochiton zebra (Osmeriformes: Galaxiidae) from Pata-gonia (Argentina and Chile). Comp. Parasitol., 79(2): 231 – 237. DOI: 10.1654/4561.1
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Forbes, N. (2008): Raptors: parasitic disease. In: Chitty, J., Lierz, M. (Eds) BSAVA Manual of Rators, Pigeons and Passerine Birds.Gloucester, England: British Small Animal Veterinary Association, pp. 202 – 211
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Frantová, D. (2002): Some parasitic nematodes (Nematoda) of birds (Aves) in the Czech Republic. Acta Soc. Zool. Bohem., 66(1): 13 – 28
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Garbin, L., Mattiucci, S., Paoletti, M., González-Acuña, D., Nascetti, G. (2011): Genetic and morphological evidences for the existence of a new species of Contracaecum (Nematoda: Anisakidae) parasite of Phalacrocorax brasilianus (Gmelin) from Chile and its genetic relationships with congeners from fish-eating birds. J. Parasitol., 97(3): 476 – 492. DOI: 10.1645/GE-2450.1
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
González-Acuña, D., Lohse, E., Cicchino, A., Mironov, S., Figueroa, R., Ardiles, K., Kinsella, M. (2011): Parasites of the american kestrel (Falco sparverius) in South-central Chile. J. Raptor Res., 45(2): 188 – 193. DOI: 10.3356/JRR-10-68.1
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hartwich, G. (1979): Ascariden (Nematoda, Ascaridoidea) aus Vögeln von Ungarn. Parasit. hung., 12: 79 – 85
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hinojosa-Sáez, A., González-Acuña, D. (2005): Estado actual del conocimiento de helmintos en aves silvestres de Chile. Gayana,69: 241 – 253. DOI: 10.4067/S0717-65382005000200004
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kajerová, V., Baruš, V (2005): Psittacine birds (Aves: Psittaciformes) as new hosts of Baruscapillaria obsignata (Nematoda: Capillariidae). Acta Vet. Brno, 74: 571 – 574. DOI: 10.2754/avb200574040571
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kanarek, G., Bohdanowicz, J. (2009): Larval Contracaecum sp. (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in the great cormorant [Phalacrocorax carbo (L., 1758)] from north-eastern Poland: A morphological and morphometric analysis. Vet. Parasitol, 166: 90 – 97. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.08.002
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kellog, F., Prestwood, A. (1968): Case report and differentiating characteristics of Capillaria phasianina from Pen-raised pheasants of Maryland. Avian Dis.: 12(3): 518 – 522. DOI: 10.2307/1588167
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kinsella, J., Foster, G., Cole, R., Forrester, D. (1998): Helminth Parasites of the Bald-Eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus, in Florida. J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash., 65: 65 – 68
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Køie, M. (1986): The life-history of Mesorchis denticulatus (Rudolphi, 1802) Dietz, 1909 (Trematoda, Echinostomatidae). Z. f. Parasitenkunde., 72: 335 – 343
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kostadinova, A. (2005): Family Echinostomatidae Loos, 1899. In: Jones, A., Bray, R.A., Gibson, D.I. (Eds) Keys to the trematoda.Volume 2. London, UK: CABI Publishing, pp 9 – 64
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Krone, O., Cooper, J. (1999): Hairworms of birds of prey. Vet. Rec.,145(4): 115
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Krone, O. (2000): Endoparasites in free-ranging birds of prey in Germany. In: Lumeij, J.T., Remple, D., Redig, P., Lierz, M., Cooper, J. (Eds) Raptor Biomedicine III. Florida, USA: Zoological Education Network, pp. 101 – 116
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Krone, O., Cooper, J. (2002): Parasitic Diseases. In: Cooper, J. (Ed) Birds of Prey: Health & Disease. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 105 – 120
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Krone, O., Stjernberg, T., Kenntner, N., Tataruch, F., Koivusaari, J., Nuuja, I. (2006): Mortality factors, helminth burden, and contaminant residues in white-tailed sea eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) from Finland. Ambio, 35(3): 98 – 104
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
La Sala, L., Díaz, J., Martorelli, S., Alda, P. (2009): Some nematodes from olrog’s gull, Larus atlanticus Olrog, 1958 (Aves: Laridae), and prey crabs from the Bahía Blanca Estuary, Argentina. Comp Parasitol, 76(2): 293 – 296. DOI: 10.1654/4389.1
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lunaschi, L.I., Drago, F.B. (2009): Digenean parasites of six species of birds from Formosa Province, Argentina. Rev. Mex. Biodivers., 80: 39 – 46
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Magalhães, R., Vicente, J., Noronha, D. (1994): Nematode parasites of Brazilian accipitrid and falconid birds (Falconiformes). Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 89(3): 359 – 362. DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02761994000300010
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mann, A. (1992): Fauna parasitaria en el pingüino de Humboldt (Spheniscus humboldti) en la zona central de Chile. Thesis, Chile, Santiago: Universidad de Chile.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mawson, P. (1968): Habronematinae (Nematoda: Spiruridae) from Australian birds. Parasitology, 58: 745 – 767. DOI: 10.1017/S0031182000069559
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
McDonald, E. (1988): Family Polimorphidae: Genus Polymorphus. Key to Acanthocephala Reported in Waterfowl. Washington D.C., USA: Fish and Wildlife Service, pp. 26 – 38
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mettrick, D. (1959): On the nematode genus Capillaria in british birds. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 2(14): 65 – 84. DOI: 10.1080/00222935908651029
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Morgan, B., Schiller, E. (1950): A note on Porrocaecum depressum (Zeder, 1800) (Nematoda: Anisakinae). Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc., 69: 210 – 213. DOI: 10.2307/3223411
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mutafchiev, Y., Halajian, A., Georgiev, B. (2010): Two new nematode species of the genus Cosmocephalus Molin, 1858 (Spirurida: Acuariidae), with an amended generic diagnosis and an identification key to Cosmocephalus spp. Zootaxa, 2349: 1 – 20. DOI: 10.11646/%25x
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Nasir, P., Scorza, J. (1968): Studies on Freshwater Larval Trematodes XVIII. The life cycle of Stephanoprora denticulata (Rudolphi, 1802) Odhner, 1910 (Trematoda: Digenea: Echinostomatidae). Z. f. Parasitenkunde 30: 134 – 148
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Nasir, P., Rodríguez, L. (1969): Studies on freshwater larval trematodes. XX. The life cycle of Stephanoprora paradenticulata n. sp. (Trematoda, Echinostomatidae). Zool. Anz., 182: 230 – 244
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ostrowski De Núñez, M., Flores, V., Viozzi, G., Kreiter, A. (2004): Stephanoprora uruguayense Holcman-Spector et Olagüe, 1989 (Digenea, Echinostomatidae) from Argentina, and comments on species of Stephanoprora from birds of the Neotropical Region. Acta Parasitol., 49(4): 1230 – 2821
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ostrowski De Núñez, M. (2007): Life cycle of Stephanoprora uruguayense (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) in Argentina. J. Parasitol.,93(5): 1090 – 1096. DOI: 10.1645/GE1176R.1
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ostrowski De Núñez, M., Quitana, M. (2008): The life cycle of Stephanoprora aylacostoma n. sp. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae), parasite of the threatened snail Aylacostoma chloroticum (Prosobranchia, Thiaridae), in Argentina. Parasitol. Res., 102: 647 – 655. DOI: 10.1007/s00436-007-0806-2
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pavez, E. (2004): Descripción de las aves rapaces chilenas. In: Muñoz, A., Rau, J., Yáñez, J. (Eds) Aves Rapaces de Chile. Valdivia, Chile: CEA Ediciones, pp. 29 – 77
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pazmiño, A. (2007): Estudio de la fauna parasitaria intestinal en palomas (Columba livia Gmelin, 1789) de la ciudad de Valdivia.Thesis, Chile, Valdivia: Universidad Austral de Chile
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pinto, R.M., Noronha, D. (2003): Analysis of Brazilian species of Pelecitus Railliet & Henry (Nematoda, Filarioidea) with the establishment of new records. Rev. Bras. Zool., 20(2): 361 – 364. DOI: 10.1590/S0101-81752003000200029
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Raimilla, V., Rau, J., Muñoz-Pedreros, A. (2012): Estado de arte del conocimiento de las aves rapaces de Chile: Situación actual y proyecciones futuras. Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 85: 469 – 480. DOI: 10.4067/S0716-078X2012000400009
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rao, N. (1951): Paracuaria macdonaldi n.g. n. sp. (Family Acuariidae, Subfamily Acuariinae) from the sea gull (Larus argentatus). Can. J. Zool., 29: 167 – 172. DOI: 10.1139/z51-015
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Read, C. (1949): Studies on north American helminthes of the genus Capillaria Zeder, 1800 (Nematoda): III. Capillarids from the Lower Digestive Tract of North American Birds. J. Parasitol., 35(3): 240 – 249
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Richardson, D., Nickol, B. (2008): Acanthocephala. In: ATKINSON, C., Thomas, N., Hunter, D. (Eds) Parasitic Diseases of wild birds.Iowa, USA: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 277 – 283
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rodrigues, H.O. (1996): Espécies de Thelaziinae (Skrjabin) Baylis & Daubney (Nematoda, Thelazioidea) referidas para o Brasil. Rev. Bras. Zool., 13(2): 343 – 350. DOI: 10.1590/S0101-81751996000200006
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ruff, M., Norton, R. (1997): Parásitos internos nematodes y acantocéfalos. In: COLNEK, B. (Ed) Enfermedades de las aves.España: Editorial Manual Moderno, pp. 854
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
San Martín, J., Brevis, C., Rubilar, L., Krone, O., González-Acuña, D. (2006): Parasitismo gastrointestinal en tiuque común Milvago chimango chimango (Vieillot, 1816) (Falconidae, Aves) en Ñuble, Chile. Parasitol. Latinoam., 61: 63 – 68. DOI: 10.4067/S0717-77122006000100009
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
San Martín-Órdenes, J. (2011): Diversidad de Trichinelloidea (Enoplea, Nematoda) en Chile y su implicancia en salud humana, animal y ecosistémica. Lundiana, 10: 19 – 52
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Sanmartín, L., Álvarez, F., Barreiro, G., Leiro, J. (2004): Helminth fauna of Falconiform and Strigiform birds of prey in Galicia, Northwest Spain. Parasitol. Res., 92: 255 – 263. DOI: 10.1007/s00436-003-1042-z
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Sazima, I., Olmos, F. (2009): The Chimango Caracara (Milvago chimango), an additional fisher among Caracarini falcons. Biota Neotrop., 9: 403 – 405
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Schmidt, G. (1965): Polymorphus swartzi sp. n., and other Acanthocephala of Alaskan ducks. J. Parasitol., 51(5): 809 – 813. DOI : 10.2307/3276165
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Scott, D.M. (1956): On the specific identity of the larval Porrocaecum (Nematoda) in Atlantic cod. J. Fish. Res. Board Can., 13(3): 343 – 356. DOI: 10.1139/f56-023
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Su, Y., Fei, A. (2004): Endoparasites of the Crested Goshawk, Accipiter trivirgatus formosae, from Taiwan, Republic of China. Comp. Parasitol., 71: 178 – 183. DOI: 10.1654/4107
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Sutton, C., Lunaschi, L., Topa, P. (1982): Fauna helmintologica de la saves del lago Pellegrini. I. Trematoda-Echinostomatidae en Podiceps major (Boddaert), Rollandia Rolland (Quoy & Gaymard) y Bubulcus ibis (Linne). Limnobios, 2(5): 336 – 341
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Torres, P., Figueroa, L., Saldivia, A. (1983): Stephanoprora denticulata (Trematoda, Echinostomatidae) en gaviotas del sur de Chile. Bol. Chil. Parasitol., 38: 33 – 34
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Torres, P., Cabezas, X., Arenas, J., Miranda, J., Jara, C., GALLARDO, C. (1991a): Ecological aspects of nematode parasites of introduced salmonids from Valdivia river basin, Chile. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 86(1): 115 – 122. DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02761991000100018
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Torres, P., Ruiz, E., Gesche, W., Montefusco, A. (1991b): Gastrointestinal helminths of fish-eating birds from Chiloe Island, Chile. J. Wildl. Dis., 27: 178 – 179. DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-27.1.178
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Travassos, L. (1926): Contribuicoes para o conhecimento da fauna helminthological brasileira. XX Revisao dos Acanthocephalos brasileiros. Parte II. Familia Echinorhynchidae Hamann, 1892, sub-fam. Centrorhynchinae Travassos, 1919. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 19(1): 31 – 125. DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02761926000100003
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Travassos, L., Teixeira De Freitas, J.F., Kohn, A. (1969): Trematódeos do Brasil. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 67: 1 – 886.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Umur, S., Beyhan, Y.E., Pekmezcí, G.Z., Acıcı, M., Gürler, A.T. (2010) : First record of Synhimantus (S.) laticeps (Rudolphi, 1819) Railliet, Henry et Sisoff, 1912 (Nematoda, Acuariidae) in Accipiter nisus (Aves, Accipitridae) in Turkey. Ankara Üniv. Vet. Fak., 57: 139 – 142
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Vicente, J.J., Rodriguez, H.O., Gomes, D.C., Pinto, R.M. (1995): Nematóides do Brasil. Parte IV: Nematóides de aves. Rev. Bras. Zool., 12: 1 – 273. DOI: 10.1590/S0101-81751995000500001
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wobeser, G. (2008): Parasitism: Costs and Effects. In: Atkinson, C., Thomas, N., Hunter, D. (Eds) Parasitic Diseases of wild birds.Iowa, USA: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 3 – 8
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wong, P.L., Anderson, R.C. (1987): New and described species of Skrjabinoclava Sobolev, 1943 (Nematoda: Acuarioidea) of the proventriculus of nearctic waders (Aves: Charadriiformes) with a review of the genus and a key to species. Can. J. Zool., 65: 2760 – 2779. DOI: 10.1139/z87-418
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wong, P.L., Anderson, R.C. (1982a): The transmission and development of Cosmocephalus obvelatus (Nematoda: Acuarioidea) of gulls (Laridae). Can. J. Zool., 60: 1426 – 1440. DOI: 10.1139/z82-192
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wong, P.L., Anderson, R.C. (1982b): Redescription of Paracuaria adunca (Creplin, 1846) (Nematoda: Acuarioidea) from Larus delawarensis Ord (Laridae). Can. J. Zool., 60: 1426 – 1440. DOI: 10.1139/z82-023
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Yabsley, M. (2008): Capillarid Nematodes. In: Atkinson, C., Thomas, N., Hunter, D. (Eds) Parasitic Diseases of wild birds. Iowa, USA: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 463 – 489
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Zhang, L., Brooks, D., Causey, D. (2004): Two species of Synhimantus (Dispharynx) Railliet, Henry and Sisoff, 1912 (Nematoda: Acuarioidea: Acuariidae), in passerine birds from the Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica. J. Parasitol., 90(5): 1133 – 1138
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Zhang, L., Beveridge, I. (2007): Description of Synhimantus (Dispharynx) mawsonae n. sp. and a redescription of Procyrnea dollfusi (Mawson, 1968) (Nematoda: Spirurida) from the southern boobook owl, Ninox boobook (Latham, 1802) (Aves: Strigidae). Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust., 132(2): 152 – 159
Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Helminths of Milvago chimango temucoensis (Aves: Falconiformes) from Los Ríos Region, Chile: New Records for Neotropical Raptors

Abstract

Paradigm

My account