Fig. 1

Fig. 2
![An example of dating landslide events from ring widths into (A) eccentricity, (B) eccentricity index [%] and (C) its yearly variation [%]:U — tree-ring widths in the upslope part of the stem [mm];D — tree-ring widths in the downslope part of the stem [mm];E — the eccentricity of the tree-ring [mm];Ei — the eccentricity index of the tree-ring [%];vEi — the yearly variation in the eccentricity index [%];x — year (annual tree ring).](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471df55215d2f6c89db3b7b/j_geochr-2015-0093_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251028%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251028T203309Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=841f48c7281167c786161c88f663f6490eeed558e923c3e49ac3ce15e6812de1&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

The calculated errors of the interpolation methods_ A Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) expresses the differences between original (real) values (2nd column) and the interpolated values (3rd, 5th and 7th columns)_
| Points | Radial Basis Function | Spline | Topo to Raster | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Real Value | Value | Difference | Value | Difference | Value | Difference |
| 1 | 0.65 | 1.37 | +0.72 | 1.06 | +0.41 | 1.36 | +0.71 |
| 2 | 1.52 | 0.95 | –0.57 | 1.12 | –0.40 | 0.91 | –0.61 |
| 3 | 1.21 | 1.04 | –0.17 | 0.98 | –0.23 | 1.07 | –0.14 |
| 4 | 1.38 | 1.48 | +0.10 | 2.05 | +0.67 | 1.37 | –0.01 |
| 5 | 1.21 | 0.50 | –0.71 | 0.30 | –0.91 | 0.63 | –0.58 |
| MEAN | 1.19 | 1.07 | –0.13 | 1.10 | –0.09 | 1.07 | –0.13 |
| RMSE | – | – | 0.53 | – | 0.57 | – | 0.49 |