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Characteristics of included studies_
| Study | Design | Participants | Intervention | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dong et al. 201420 | RCT | Exp: n=30 (male 70.0%); Age (y) =55.3 (16.1); APACHE II=15.0 (4.2) Con: n=30 (male 66%); Age (y)=55.5 (16.2); APACHE II=16.0 (4.1) | Exp: EM Con: no mobility | Duration of MV Mortality ICULOS |
| Morris et al. 200821 | CCT | Exp: n=145 (male 56.4%); Age (y) =54.0 (16.8); APACHE II=23.5 (8.8) Con: n=135 (male 53.3%); Age (y) =55.4 (16.8); APACHE II=23.5 (8.8) | Exp: EM Con: no mobility | Mortality Duration of MV ICULOS Hospital LOS |
| Schweickert et al. 200922 | RCT | Exp: n=49 (male 41.0%); Age (y) =57.7 (36.3-69.1)*; APACHE II=20 (15.8-24)* Con: n=55 (male 58.0%); Age (y) =54.4 (46.5-66.4)*; APACHE II=19 (13.3-23)* | Exp: EM Con: ordered by the primary care team | Duration of MV ICULOS |
| Patman et al. 200123 | RCT | Exp: n=101 (male 80.0 %); Age (y) =62.8 (12.2) Con: n=102 (male 71.0 %); Age (y) =63.3 (14.4) | Exp: EM Con: physiotherapy | Duration of MV ICULOS Hospital LOS |
| Caruso et al. 200524 | RCT | Exp: n=12 (male 67.0%); Age (y) =67 (10); APACHE II=23 (6) Con: n=13 (male 69.0%); Age (y) =66 (17); APACHE II=24 (7) | Exp: EM Con: no inspiratory muscle training | Duration of MV |
| Meesen et al. 201025 | RCT | Exp: n=7 (male 42.9%); Age (y) =63.5 (16.5) Con: n=12 (male 75.0%); Age (y) =67.2 (13.2) | Exp: stimulated by an electro-stimulator Con: no stimulation | Thigh circumference Cardio-respiratory characteristics |
| Poulsen et al. 201126 | RCT | Exp: n=8 (male 100%); Age (y) =67 (64–72); APACHE II=25 (20-29) Con: patients served as own control | Exp: stimulated by a battery-stimulator Con: no stimulation | Quadriceps muscle volume |
| Rodriguez et al. 201227 | RCT | Exp: n=14 (male 50%); Age (y) =72 (63-80); APACHE II= 20 (18-27) Con: patients served as own control | Con: patients served as own control Con: no stimulation | Quadriceps muscle strength Limb circumference Biceps thickness |
PEDro scores for included studies_
| Study | Random allocation | Concealed allocation | Groups similar at baseline | Participant blinding | Therapist blinding | Assessor blinding | <15% dropouts | Intention to-treat analysis | Between- group difference reported | Point and variability reported | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dong et al. 201420 | Y | N | Y | N | N | N | Y | N | Y | Y | ||
| Morris et al. 200821 | N | N | Y | N | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | ||
| Schweickert et al. 200922 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | ||
| Patman et al. 200123 | Y | N | Y | N | N | N | N | Y | Y | Y | ||
| Caruso et al. 200524 | Y | N | Y | N | Y | N | Y | N | Y | Y | ||
| Meesen et al. 201025 | Y | N | Y | N | N | N | Y | N | Y | Y | ||
| Poulsen et al. 201126 | Y | N | Y | N | N | N | Y | N | Y | Y | ||
| Rodriguez al. 201227 et | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | Y | N | Y | Y |