Figure 1:
Figure 2:
Figure 3:
Figure 4:
Results of spiked recoveries and precision in chicken samples_
| Component | Background value (µg/kg) | Spiked value (µg/kg) | Average recovery % | RSD % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AsC | ND | 20 | 84.3 | 6.91 |
| 100 | 93.7 | 4.71 | ||
| 400 | 92.9 | 3.32 | ||
| AsB | ND | 20 | 84.3 | 8.33 |
| 100 | 95.6 | 6.51 | ||
| 400 | 96.8 | 3.23 | ||
| As(III) | 13.11 | 20 | 87.2 | 8.23 |
| 100 | 93.2 | 4.39 | ||
| 400 | 95.1 | 3.32 | ||
| DMA | 43.58 | 20 | 84.3 | 7.67 |
| 100 | 92.2 | 4.45 | ||
| 400 | 99.4 | 3.71 | ||
| MMA | ND | 20 | 93.3 | 4.83 |
| 100 | 96.2 | 3.01 | ||
| 400 | 97.1 | 2.44 | ||
| ASA | 26.32 | 20 | 86.1 | 6.45 |
| 100 | 91.3 | 4.87 | ||
| 400 | 94.2 | 3.32 | ||
| As(V) | 3.21 | 20 | 85.3 | 7.23 |
| 100 | 93.9 | 5.25 | ||
| 400 | 96.8 | 2.48 | ||
| CBAs | ND | 20 | 84.7 | 8.19 |
| 100 | 91.4 | 4.12 | ||
| 400 | 95.6 | 3.81 | ||
| NPAA | ND | 20 | 84.9 | 6.31 |
| 100 | 89.2 | 3.82 | ||
| 400 | 93.1 | 2.77 | ||
| ROX | ND | 40 | 87.2 | 6.25 |
| 100 | 93.5 | 4.83 | ||
| 500 | 96.2 | 1.87 |
Results of MOE risk analysis for rural residents in Jiaxing City_
| Sample type | C (µg/kg) | M (kg/day) | BW (kg) | BMDL0.5 (µg/kg BW/day) | MOE (male) | MOE (female) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Livestock | 0.127 | 71.6 (male)58.3 (female) | 3 | |||
| Pork muscle | 7.41 | 225 | 183 | |||
| Pig liver | 21.52 | 77 | 63 | |||
| Pig kidney | 13.71 | 121 | 99 | |||
| Poultry | 0.037 | |||||
| Chicken muscle | 13.38 | 434 | 353 | |||
| Chicken liver | 41.78 | 139 | 113 | |||
| Chicken kidney | 30.61 | 190 | 154 | |||
Gradient elution conditions_
| Time/min | Flow rates/(mL/min) | Composition of mobile phase/% | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | ||
| 0.00 | 1 | 5 | 87 | 8 |
| 1.50 | 1 | 5 | 87 | 8 |
| 2.50 | 1 | 92 | 0 | 8 |
| 17.0 | 1 | 92 | 0 | 8 |
| 18.0 | 1 | 5 | 87 | 8 |
| 20.0 | 1 | 5 | 87 | 8 |
Detection results of arsenic and its compounds in pork and swine viscera_
| Component | Pork muscle (µg/kg) mean ± SD | Pig liver (µg/kg) mean ± SD | Pig kidney (µg/kg) mean ± SD |
|---|---|---|---|
| AsC | ND | ND | ND |
| AsB | ND | ND | ND |
| As(III) | 6.97 ± 4.98 | 18.98 ± 7.44 | 12.34 ± 7.97 |
| DMA | 7.69 ± 5.44 | 18.89 ± 8.03 | 13.39 ± 7.09 |
| MMA | ND | 0.57 ± 0.55 | ND |
| ASA | ND | ND | ND |
| As(V) | 0.44 ± 0.32 | 2.54 ± 2.78 | 1.39 ± 1.28 |
| CBAs | ND | ND | ND |
| NPAA | ND | ND | ND |
| ROX | ND | ND | ND |
| Total arsenic species | 15.10 ± 7.03 | 40.98 ± 14.27 | 27.11 ± 14.89 |
| Inorganic arsenic content | 7.41 ± 5.18 | 21.52 ± 8.54 | 13.72 ± 8.69 |
| Total arsenic | 17.38 ± 8.02 | 44.70 ± 13.89 | 31.12 ± 14.87 |
Results of MOE risk analysis for urban residents in Jiaxing city_
| Sample type | C (µg/kg) | M (kg/day) | BW (kg) | BMDL0.5 (µg/kg BW/day) | MOE (male) | MOE (female) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Livestock | 0.107 | 71.6 (male)58.3 (female) | 3 | |||
| Pork muscle | 7.41 | 271 | 221 | |||
| Pig liver | 21.52 | 93 | 76 | |||
| Pig kidney | 13.71 | 146 | 119 | |||
| Poultry | 0.036 | |||||
| Chicken muscle | 13.38 | 446 | 363 | |||
| Chicken liver | 41.78 | 143 | 116 | |||
| Chicken kidney | 30.61 | 195 | 159 | |||
Linear parameters and detection limits of 10 arsenic species_
| Component | Regression equation | Correlation coefficient, R 2 | Linearity range (μg/L) | LOD (μg/kg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AsC | y = 45,248x + 2,862 | 0.9996 | 0–50 | 0.22 |
| AsB | y = 50,156x + 2,984 | 0.9994 | 0–50 | 0.37 |
| As(III) | y = 37,101x + 5,564 | 0.9990 | 0–50 | 0.49 |
| DMA | y = 45,650x + 7,904 | 0.9998 | 0–50 | 0.43 |
| MMA | y = 42,129x + 1,838 | 0.9998 | 0–50 | 0.39 |
| ASA | y = 20,124x + 5,431 | 0.9990 | 0–50 | 0.78 |
| As(V) | y = 43,063x + 2,609 | 0.9996 | 0–50 | 0.39 |
| CBAs | y = 66,027x + 1,640 | 0.9990 | 0–50 | 0.91 |
| NPAA | y = 19,108x + 3,775 | 0.9984 | 0–50 | 0.49 |
| ROX | y = 24,394x + 2,943 | 0.9982 | 0–50 | 0.89 |
Detection results of arsenic and its compounds in chicken muscle and viscera_
| Component | Chicken muscle (µg/kg) mean ± SD | Chicken liver (µg/kg) mean ± SD | Chicken kidney (µg/kg) mean ± SD |
|---|---|---|---|
| AsC | ND | ND | ND |
| AsB | ND | ND | ND |
| As(Ⅲ) | 10.67 ± 6.04 | 35.79 ± 13.51 | 28.09 ± 9.61 |
| DMA | 32.08 ± 13.66 | 55.18 ± 17.26 | 51.21 ± 9.71 |
| MMA | ND | 0.49 ± 0.55 | ND |
| ASA | 31.33 ± 12.75 | ND | ND |
| As(V) | 2.71 ± 2.96 | 5.99 ± 3.86 | 2.52 ± 4.51 |
| CBAs | ND | ND | ND |
| NPAA | ND | ND | ND |
| ROX | ND | ND | ND |
| Total arsenic species | 76.79 ± 13.63 | 97.44 ± 28.27 | 81.82 ± 17.15 |
| Inorganic arsenic content | 13.38 ± 7.67 | 41.78 ± 14.68 | 30.61 ± 11.39 |
| Total arsenic | 83.83 ± 14.24 | 105.65 ± 32.50 | 90.57 ± 20.6 |