Odds ratios based on logit regression coefficients (only significant results reported)
| Migration behaviour | No migration vs | Return migration vs | University staying vs | Repeat migration vs | Late migration vs | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reference | No migration | Return migration | No migration | Return migration | No migration | Return migration | No migration | Return migration | No migration | Return migration |
| Individual/family characteristics | ||||||||||
| mother with university degree | 1.791** | 0.472** | 0.358*** | |||||||
| mother below secondary education | 0.706** | 1.416** | 1.782*** | 2.028*** | 1.846** | |||||
| father – high skilled white collar | 0.605*** | 1.735*** | 1.657* | 2.433*** | 1.644* | |||||
| married | 1.449* | 1.412* | 1.761** | |||||||
| birth order | 1.230* | 1.251** | ||||||||
| own room | 1.478* | 1.418* | ||||||||
| Past migration experience | ||||||||||
| mother’s migration experience | 0.664*** | 1.392* | 2.401*** | 2.321*** | 1.998*** | |||||
| dist. from primary to second. school | 0.990*** | 1.010*** | 1.018*** | 1.009** | 1.020*** | 1.011*** | 1.020*** | 1.012*** | ||
| Hometown characteristics | ||||||||||
| population of municipality (x1000) | 1.005*** | 0.993*** | 0.992*** | 0.996*** | 1.003*** | 0.999*** | 1.004*** | |||
| unemployment | 0.930*** | 1.138*** | 1.183*** | 1.044*** | 1.169*** | 1.026* | 0.941*** | |||
| Secondary school characteristics/achievements | ||||||||||
| general secondary school | ||||||||||
| exempted from Matura exam | 1.716* | 1.694** | ||||||||
| tertiary school characteristics/achievements | ||||||||||
| private school | 1.885** | |||||||||
| employed during studies | 2.507*** | 1.791*** | ||||||||
| university quality | 0.989*** | 1.019*** | 1.020*** | 1.019*** | 0.992** | |||||
| graduated MA | 0.451*** | 2.077*** | 2.514*** | 1.665** | 2.356*** | |||||
| social science | 1.697** | 1.657** | ||||||||
| science-engineering | 0.530** | 0.415*** | 1.749** | 1.795** | ||||||
| non-stationary mode | 0.743** | 1.322* | 0.461*** | 1.565* | ||||||
| Wage aspirations | ||||||||||
| reservation wage (a) (x1000) | 1.058* | 1.042* | 1.076*** | 1.058*** | ||||||
Change of the conditional probability of (in pp)
| Variable | Change of the conditional probability of (in pp): | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Migration behaviour: | No migration vs | Return migration vs | University staying vs | Repeat migration vs | Late migration vs | ||||||
| Reference: | No migration | Return migration | No migration | Return migration | No migration | Return migration | No migration | Return migration | No migration | Return migration | |
| Individual/family characteristics | |||||||||||
| mother with university degree | 0→1 | +2.4 | -11.5 | -11.5 | |||||||
| mother below secondary education | 0→1 | -8.6 | +8.6 | +10.9 | +10.7 | +4.9 | |||||
| father – high skilled white collar | 0→1 | -13.5 | +13.5 | +3.4 | +17.6 | +7.4 | |||||
| married | 0→1 | +6.6 | +6.3 | +8.0 | |||||||
| birth order | 1→3 | +7.6 | +6.5 | ||||||||
| own room | 0→1 | +6.6 | +0.4 | ||||||||
| Past migration experience | |||||||||||
| mother’s migration experience | 0→1 | -8.2 | +8.2 | +6.7 | +16.9 | +9.4 | +5.3 | ||||
| distance from primary to secondary school | 0→20 | -5.2 | +5.2 | +2.1 | +0.8 | +7.1 | +3.3 | +2.4 | |||
| Hometown characteristics | |||||||||||
| population of municipality | 10k→100k | +7.7 | -7.7 | -14.7 | -7.8 | +2.8 | -1.9 | +2.1 | |||
| unemployment | 5% → 10% | -14.5 | +14.5 | +2.1 | +0.9 | +7.7 | +2.1 | -10.0 | |||
| Secondary school characteristics/achievements | |||||||||||
| general secondary school | 0 →1 | ||||||||||
| exempted from Matura examination | 0→1 | +10.6 | +8.0 | ||||||||
| Tertiary school characteristics/achievements | |||||||||||
| private school | 0→1 | +1.1 | |||||||||
| employed during studies | 0→1 | +5.9 | +4.1 | ||||||||
| university quality | 75→25 | -22.7 | +22.7 | +6.2 | +16.9 | -8.8 | |||||
| graduated MA | 0→1 | -18.1 | +18.1 | +5.0 | +8.6 | +10.9 | |||||
| social science | 0→1 | +3.4 | +3.9 | ||||||||
| science-engineering | 0→1 | -10.0 | -8.9 | +8.5 | +8.7 | ||||||
| non-stationary mode | 0→1 | -6.9 | +6.9 | -2.2 | +6.4 | ||||||
| Wage aspirations | |||||||||||
| reservation wage (PLN) | 3000→6000 | +1.0 | +0.3 | +4.0 | +1.9 | ||||||
Explanatory variables
| Explanatory variable | Mean | St. Dev |
|---|---|---|
| Individual/family characteristics | ||
| Sex (female = 1) | 0.580 | 0.493 |
| Married (yes = 1) | 0.405 | 0.491 |
| Age of respondent | 27.808 | 1.806 |
| Mother with university degree (yes = 1) | 0.187 | 0.390 |
| Mother with less than secondary education (yes = 1) | 0.267 | 0.443 |
| More than 200 books at home (yes = 1) | 0.165 | 0.371 |
| Father’s occupation high skilled white collar (yes = 1) | 0.209 | 0.407 |
| Number of siblings | 1.377 | 1.308 |
| Birth order | 1.568 | 0.842 |
| Own room while in primary school (yes = 1) | 0.697 | 0.460 |
| Past migration experience | ||
| Mother’s family home more than 20 km from respondent’s primary school (yes = 1) | 0.163 | 0.370 |
| Distance between respondent’s primary and secondary schools (km) | 10.660 | 38.443 |
| Hometown characteristics | ||
| Population of municipality of origin | 302 649 | 510 635 |
| Unemployment rate in municipality of origin | 13.059 | 6.891 |
| Secondary school characteristics/achievements | ||
| Completed general secondary school (yes = 1) | 0.700 | 0.458 |
| Respondent exempted from any part of Matura (secondary school leavers) examination (yes = 1) | 0.091 | 0.288 |
| Tertiary school characteristics/achievements | ||
| Attended non-public tertiary school | 0.230 | 0.421 |
| Graduated from MA program (yes = 1) | 0.627 | 0.484 |
| Was employed during last year of university studies (yes = 1) | 0.397 | 0.489 |
| Respondent’s university quality indicator | 51.492 | 33.336 |
| Study field: science-engineering (yes = 1) | 0.210 | 0.407 |
| Study field: social science (yes = 1) | 0.302 | 0.459 |
| Non-stationary mode of studying (yes = 1) | 0.357 | 0.479 |
| Wage aspirations | ||
| Wage expected in respondent’s post (reservation wage) | 3499.938 | 3093.673 |