Recent planning approaches and mobility concepts for home health care services in Austria – A review

		Logistics Context

Aspect	Commercial		Humanitarian

Purpose	Economic profit		Social impact/Cost recovery

Context	Uninterrupted		Interrupted/Uninterrupted

Perspective on time	“Time is money”		“Time is human health”

People served	Paying customers		Beneficiaries

Source of funds	Paying customers		Donors/Public agencies

Workforce	Paid staff		Volunteers/Paid staff

Publications of the author on HHC planning and their contents and interrelations
Abbildung 1. Publikationen des Autors über die Planung von mobilen Pflegediensten sowie deren Inhalte und Zusammenhänge

Table 2

Impact of disaster events on HHC (cf. Rest et al., 2012)

Tabelle 2. Auswirkungen von Katastrophen auf die mobile Pflege (vgl. Rest et al., 2012)

Disaster event	HHC staff	Clients		transport		Communication

	Number	Number	Service time	Trafficability	Driving time	Availability
Earthquake	↓	↑	↑	↓	↑	↓
Volcano action	↓	↑	↑	↓	↑	↓
Mass movement	↓	↑	↑	↓	↑	↓
Storm	↓	↑	↑	↓	↑	↓
Flood	↓	↑	↑	↓	↑	↓
Heat wave	↓	↑	↑	↔	↔	↔
Cold wave	↔	↑	↑	↔	↔	↔
Epidemic	↓	↑	↑	↔	↔	↔
Blackout	↓	↑	↑	↓	↑	↓

[i] ↑…increment ↓…decrement ↔…constancy

Simplified example for time-dependent travel times in a public transport network
Abbildung 2. Vereinfachtes Beispiel für zeitabhängige Reisezeiten in einem öffentlichen Verkehrsnetzwerk

Table 3

Mobility concepts in HHC and their underlying basic logistical problems (cf. Voegl and Hirsch, 2015)

Tabelle 3. Mobilitätskonzepte in der mobilen Pflege und ihre grundlegenden logistischen Problemformulierungen (vgl. Voegl und Hirsch, 2015)

	Mobility concept	DARP	Basic logistical problem VRP	Synchronization
car	individual use		X
	car sharing		X	X
	trip sharing	X		X
(e-)bike	individual use		X
	(e-)bike sharing		X	X
walking			X
taxi use			X
bus service		X		X
public transport	no combination		X
	with shared (e-)bikes or cars		X	X
	with individual (e-)bikes or scooters		X

Table 4

Categorization of the author’s publications on HHC

Tabelle 4. Kategorisierung der Publikationen des Autors über mobile Pflege

Publication	Planning horizon	Time-dependent travel times	Solution method	Consideration of disasters	Mode of transport
Trautsamwieser and Hirsch (2011)	daily	no	metaheuristic (VNS)	no	individual transport mode
Trautsamwieser et al. (2011)	daily	no	metaheuristic (VNS)	yes	individual transport mode
Rest et al. (2012)	daily	no	metaheuristic (VNS)	yes	individual transport mode
Trautsamwieser and Hirsch (2014)	weekly	no	exact (Branch-Price-and-Cut) metaheuristic (VNS)	no	individual transport mode
Fikar and Hirsch (2015)	daily	no	Matheuristic	no	bus service
Rest and Hirsch (2015)	daily	yes	metaheuristic (TS)	yes	public transport
Fikar and Hirsch (2016)	daily	no	metaheuristic (BR) matheuristic	no	individual car use car sharing trip sharing
Fikar et al. (2016)	daily	no	metaheuristic (BR)	no	trip sharing
Rest and Hirsch (2016)	daily	yes	metaheuristic (TS)	no	public transport
Fikar and Hirsch (2017)	Review

Table 5

Solution values [min] for r1, r2, and r3 for different scenarios and the objective functions Λ1 and Λ2 (cf. Trautsamwieser and Hirsch, 2011)

Tabelle 5. Lösungswerte [min] für r1, r2, und r3 für unterschiedliche Szenarien und Zielfunktionen Λ1 und Λ2 (vgl. Trautsamwieser und Hirsch, 2011)

Region	D(Λ₁) [min]	D(Λ₂) [min]	H₁(Λ₁) [min]	H₁(Λ₂) [min]	H₂(Λ₁) [min]	H₂(Λ₂) [min]	C(Λ₁) [min]	C(Λ₂) [min]
r₁	171	211	201	255	114	164	155	198
r₂	2,056	1,941	1,982	1,889	1,127	1,409	1,685	1,743
r₃	3,021	2,505	2,944	2,759	1,836	1,981	2,383	2,332

[i] Explanation of the used notation:

Λ₁, Λ₂ … objective function

D … HHC workers start their tour from the base of the provider

H₁ … HHC workers start their tour from at home

H₂ … HHC workers start their tour at the first client and end it at the last client

C … uniform distribution of the potential starting points of the HHC workers

Table 6

Weighting of Λ₁ and Λ₂ (cf. Trautsamwieser and Hirsch, 2011)

Tabelle 6. Gewichtung von Λ₁ und Λ₂ (vgl. Trautsamwieser und Hirsch, 2011)

	Weighting

Part of the objective function	Λ₁	Λ₂
total travel time	1	0.5
overtime	0	0.2
preferences	0	0
soft time window violations (job)	0	0.05
soft time window violations (HHC worker)	0	0.05
overqualification	0	0.15
unpaid driving times	0	0.05

Table 7

Solution values for an extreme day in three regions with different flood disaster scenarios (cf. Trautsamwieser et al., 2011)

Tabelle 7. Lösungswerte für einen Extremtag in den drei Regionen mit verschiedenen Flutszenarien (vgl. Trautsamwieser et al., 2011)

Region	Scenario	# Jobs	# Clients	# HHC workers	Solution value [min]
θ₁	no flood	140	140	13	282.70
	flood 2002	140	140	13	283.20
	HQ200	88	88	10	144.00
θ₂	no flood	351	291	39	2,435.40
	flood 2002	299	248	36	1,920.00
	HQ200	263	218	33	2,774.10
θ₃	no flood	512	411	75	3,497.50
	flood 2002	504	403	72	3,756.00
	HQ200	385	307	64	no feasible solution

Extract of tours during a normal day (Rest et al., 2012)
Abbildung 3. Auswahl von Touren während eines normalen Tages (Rest et al., 2012)

Extract of tours during an HQ200 flood (Rest et al., 2012)
Abbildung 4. Auswahl von Touren während eines HQ200 Hochwassers (Rest et al., 2012)

Table 8

Average solution values for each instance set (cf. Fikar and Hirsch, 2015)

Tabelle 8. Durchschnittliche Lösungswerte für jede Testdatenmenge (vgl. Fikar und Hirsch, 2015)

Instance set	Average number of scheduled HHC workers	Average vehicle reduction	Average number of pickups	Average portion of driving	Average portion of walking	Average time HHC workers on board or waiting
U-75-24	15.2	-86.8%	37.6	45.6%	27.2%	27.2%
U-100-32	23.2	-91.4%	45.0	44.1%	28.5%	27.4%
U-125-40	26.4	-92.4%	53.0	43.8%	28.8%	27.4%
S-75-24	18.2	-89.0%	50.6	55.2%	14.3%	30.4%
S-100-32	24.8	-91.9%	63.4	54.3%	15.3%	30.4%
S-125-40	28.0	-92.9%	74.8	53.1%	17.3%	29.5%

Table 9

Savings in travel time of HHC workers obtained by TS, TSAS, and TSDYN when compared to the actual planning of the ARC (cf. Rest and Hirsch, 2016)

Tabelle 9. Einsparungen in der Reisezeit von mobilen Pflegekräften bei Anwendung von TS, TSAS und TSDYN im Vergleich zur aktuellen Planung des Österreichischen Roten Kreuzes (vgl. Rest und Hirsch, 2016)

	Predefined roster			Flexible working time

Instance	TS	TSAS	TSDYN	TS	TSAS	TSDYN
I08	37.8%	37.0%	34.7%	50.9%	50.7%	51.1%
I09	29.8%	29.1%	28.7%	46.2%	46.8%	46.2%
I10	40.7%	38.2%	40.9%	56.2%	55.9%	57.4%
I11	51.5%	51.1%	47.8%	59.2%	58.2%	59.9%
I12	40.8%	34.8%	38.0%	52.0%	52.6%	52.5%
I13	49.3%	48.8%	48.9%	54.2%	53.9%	54.5%
I14	48.9%	47.5%	48.5%	57.8%	56.3%	57.9%
I15	61.1%	60.8%	59.6%	65.3%	64.0%	65.2%
I16	37.7%	34.6%	37.4%	40.6%	39.9%	40.0%
I17	45.7%	41.7%	45.9%	51.9%	51.7%	52.5%
I18	34.9%	33.5%	34.8%	38.7%	37.6%	38.7%
I19	35.3%	35.3%	34.1%	44.0%	42.0%	44.2%
I20	26.6%	23.8%	23.0%	40.0%	43.6%	44.1%
Mean	41.5%	39.7%	40.2%	50.5%	50.3%	51.1%

References

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Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/boku-2017-0017 | Journal eISSN: 2719-5430 (formerly 0006-5471) | Journal ISSN: 0006-5471

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Language: English, German

Page range: 205 - 222

Submitted on: Sep 26, 2017

Accepted on: Dec 23, 2017

Published on: Mar 9, 2018

Published by: Universität für Bodenkultur Wien

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: Volume open

Keywords:

humanitarian logistics,

Related subjects:

Ecology,

© 2018 Patrick Hirsch, published by Universität für Bodenkultur Wien
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Volume 68 (2017): Issue 4 (December 2017)

Recent planning approaches and mobility concepts for home health care services in Austria – A review

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