Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Share of each heat production technology depending on the specific investment costs for the HTHP system in the period January 2013 to June 2016Tabelle 6_ Erzeugungsrate der einzelnen Wärmebereitstellungsmethoden in Abhängigkeit unterschiedlicher spezifischen Investitionskosten der Wärmepumpe von Jänner 2013 bis Juni 2016
| Specific investment | 1 000 | 750 | 500 | 250 | EUR/kWQ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | % |
| GT | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | % |
| GT-CC | 54.8 | 42.9 | 31.0 | 23.8 | % |
| HTHP | 45.2 | 57.1 | 69.0 | 76.2 | % |
Thermodynamic results of the simulation of the industrial heat supply for gas turbine and gas and steam turbine combined cycle processesTabelle 4_ Thermodynamische Ergebnisse der Simulation der industriellen Prozesswärmebereitung mit Gasturbine und Gas- und Dampfturbine
| Gas turbine | ||
|---|---|---|
| ηel | 39.01 | % |
| ηheat | 45.21 | % |
| ηtotal | 84.22 | % |
| ζ | 49.82 | % |
| PFuel | 221 | MW |
| Pel | 86 | MW |
| Q̇Process | 100 | MW |
| Gas and steam turbine combined cycle | ||
| ηel | 46.49 | % |
| ηheat | 35.44 | % |
| ηtotal | 81.93 | % |
| ζ | 53.44 | % |
| PFuel | 282 | MW |
| Pel | 131 | MW |
| Q̇Process | 100 | MW |
Nomenclature
| CCapital | capital costs | EUR/a |
| CEl | electricity price | EUR/MWh |
| CGas | gas price | EUR/MWh |
| Cpersonnel | Personal costs for operating the HTHP | EUR/a |
| CService | service costs of the HTHP | EUR/a |
| CoHGl>-CC | costs of heat for the GT and the GT-CC process | EUR/MWh |
| CoHv, HTHp | consumption related costs of heat for the HTHP | EUR/MWh |
| CoHf, HTHP | (fixed) capital and operation costs of heat for the HTHP | EUR/MWh |
| CoHHTHP | cumulative costs of heat for the HTHP | EUR/MWh |
| COP | coefficient of performance | - |
| DC | imputed depreciation | EUR/a |
| eFueI | specific exergy of the fuel | kJ/kg |
| ĖFuel | exergy stream of the fuel | MW |
| Ėin | exergy stream of the heat source of the heat pump | MW |
| ĖQ | exergy stream of the heat | MW |
| Δh | difference of specific enthalpy of the used process heat | kJ/kg |
| HL | lower heating value | MJ/kg |
| i | required rate of return | % |
| I0 | acquisition costs | EUR |
| IC | imputed interests | EUR/a |
| ṁFuel | mass flow of the fuel | kg/s |
| ṁsteam | mass flow of the steam used as process heat | kg/s |
| n | expected life time | a |
| Pel | electric power of the compressor | MW |
| PFuel | power of used fuel referred to the lower heating value (LHV) | MW |
| Pratio SGT-800 | pressure ratio of the SGT-800 GT process | - |
| Psteam, out | minimum pressure level of the process steam | bar(abs) |
| Q̇ | heat stream | MW |
| Q̇in | heat source stream of the heat pump | MW |
| QProcess | process heat | MWh |
| Q̇process | heating power used as process heat | MW |
| RW | liquidity receipts | EUR |
| T0 | environmental temperature | °C |
| TFeedwater | feedwater temperature of the used process steam | °C |
| TQ | temperature of the heat | °C |
| TSGT-800, out | turbine outlet temperature of the SGT-800 GT process | °C |
| Tsteam, out | outlet temperature of the used process steam | °C |
General performance assumptions for key process componentsTabelle 1_ Leistungsangaben und Wirkungsgrade wichtiger Prozesskomponenten
| Parameter | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| ηCompr | 0.80 | - |
| ηmotor | 0.97 | - |
| ηSGT-800 | 0.39 | - |
| pratio SGT-800 | 21.4 : 1 | - |
| TSGT-800, out | 551 | °C |
Technological setting for the heat supply processes for a paper millTabelle 2_ Technische Parameter zur Prozesswärmebereitung in der Papierindustrie
| Parameter | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| TFeedwater | 120 | °C |
| T Steam, Out | 142 | °C |
| p Steam, out | 3.8 | bar(abs) |
| Δh | 2232 | kj/kg |
| ṁSteam | 44.8 | kg/s |
| Q̇process | 100 | MW |
Assumptions and calculations for modelling the economic model of the capital related costs of heat productionTabelle 3_ Annahmen und Kalkulationen für das ökonomische Model zur Berechnung der Kapitalkosten der Prozesswärmebereitung
| Parameter | A | B | C | D | Unit | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Specific acquisition costs | 1 000 | 750 | 500 | 250 | EUR/kWQ | |
| I0 | 100 000 000 | 75 000 000 | 50 000 000 | 25 000 000 | EUR | |
| RW | 0 | EUR | ||||
| n | 20 (Verein deutscher Ingenieure, 2003) | A | ||||
| t | 6 000 | H | ||||
| i | 5.0 | % | ||||
| QProcess | 600 000 | MWh/a | ||||
| CPersonnel | 40 000 | EUR/a | ||||
| CService | 10 000 | EUR/a | ||||
| DC | 5 000 000 | 3 750 000 | 2 500 000 | 1 250 000 | EUR/a | |
| IC | 2 500 000 | 1 875 000 | 1 250 000 | 625 000 | EUR/a | |
| CoHf, HTHP | 12.58 | 9.46 | 6.33 | 3.21 | EUR/MWh |
Simulation results for the industrial heat pump system assuming three different COP situationsTabelle 5_ Simulationsergebnisse für die industrielle Wärmepumpe bei drei unterschiedlichen COP’s
| Heat pump | ||
| Tevap | 50.0 | °C |
| Q̇in | 69 | MW |
| Pel | 33 | MW |
| Q̇Process | 100 | MW |
| COP | 3.0 | - |
| ζHP | 59.57 | % |
| Tevap | 75.0 | °C |
| Q̇in | 77 | MW |
| PeI | 25 | MW |
| Q̇Process | 100 | MW |
| COP | 4.0 | - |
| ζHP | 70.15 | % |
| Tevap | 90.0 | °C |
| Q̇in | 82 | MW |
| Pel | 20 | MW |
| Q̇Process | 100 | MW |
| COP | 5.0 | - |
| ζHP | 78.35 | % |
Greek Letters
| ζ | exergetic efficiency of the GT and GT-CC process | - |
| ζHP | exergetic efficiency of the heat pump system | - |
| ηCompr | isentropic efficiency of the compressor | - |
| ηel | net electric efficiency of the GT process referred to the lower heating value (LHV) | - |
| ηheat | heat utilization efficiency of the process referred to the lower heating value (LHV) | - |
| ηmotor | conversion efficiency from the motor | - |
| ηWSGT-800 | gross efficiency of the SGT-800 GT process referred to the lower heating value (LHV) | - |
| ηtotal | total fuel utilization efficiency | - |