References
- Adler-Nissen, R. (2009), ‘Behind the scenes of differentiated integration: Circumventing national opt-outs in justice and home affairs,’ Journal of European Public Policy, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 62–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350176080245323910.1080/13501760802453239
- Agreement… (2013), Agreement on a Unified Patent Court, Official Journal of the European Union, C 175/01, 20.06.2013.
- Andersen, S. & Sitter, N. (2006), ‘Differentiated integration: What is it and how much can the EU accommodate?’ Journal of European Integration, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 313–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/0703633060085391910.1080/07036330600853919
- Commission Decision 2012/714/EU of 21 November 2012 confirming the participation of Lithuania in enhanced cooperation in the area of the law applicable to divorce and legal separation, Official Journal of the European Union, L 323/18, 22.11.2012.
- Commission Decision 2014/39/EU of 27 January 2014 confirming the participation of Greece in enhanced cooperation in the area of the law applicable to divorce and legal separation, Official Journal of the European Union, L 023/41, 28.01.2014.
- Commission Decision 2015/1753/EU of 30 September 2015on confirming the participation of Italy in enhanced cooperation in the area of the creation of unitary patent protection, Official Journal of the European Union, L 256/19, 01.10.2015.
- Consolidated version of the Treaty on the European Union, Official Journal of the European Union, C 326/13, 26.10.2012.
- Consolidated version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Official Journal of the European Union, C 326/47, 26.10.2012.
- Convention between… (2006), Convention between the Kingdom of Belgium, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Kingdom of Spain, the French Republic, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Republic of Austria on the stepping-up cross-border cooperation, particularly in combating terrorism, cross-border crime and illegal migration, Council of the European Union, 16382/06, Brussels, 06.12.2006. Retrieved from http://register.consilium.europa.eu/doc/srv?l=EN&f=ST%2016382%202006%20INIT [accessed Aug 2017]
- Council Decision 2008/615/JHA of 23 June 2008 on the stepping up of cross-border cooperation, particularly in combating terrorism and cross-border crime, Official Journal of the European Union, L 210, 06.08.2008.
- Council Decision 2008/616/JHA of 23 June 2008 on the implementation of the Decision 2008/615/JHA on the stepping up of cross-border cooperation, particularly in combating terrorism and cross-border crime, Official Journal of the European Union, L 210, 06.08.2008.
- Council Decision 2010/405/EU of 12 July 2010 authorising enhanced cooperation in the area of the law applicable to divorce and legal separation, Official Journal of the European Union, L 189/12, 22.07.2010.
- Council Decision 2011/167/EU of 10 March 2011 authorising enhanced cooperation in the area of creation of unitary patent protection, Official Journal of the European Union, L 076/53, 22.03.2011.
- Council Decision 2013/52/EU of 22 January 2013 authorising enhanced cooperation in the area of financial transaction tax, Official Journal of the European Union, L 022/11, 25.01.2013.
- Council Regulation 1259/2010/EU of 20 December 2010 implementing enhanced cooperation in the area of the law applicable to divorce and legal separation, Official Journal of the European Union, L 343/10, 29.12.2010.
- Council Regulation 1260/2012/EU of 17 December 2012 implementing enhanced cooperation in the area of the creation of unitary patent protection with regard to the applicable translation arrangements, Official Journal of the European Union, L 361/89, 31.12.2012.
- de Areilza, J. M. (2000), ‘Reforma instytucjonalna Unii Europejskiej a nowy ustrój europejski,’ in E. Popławska (ed.) Konstytucja dla rozszerzającej się Europy, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Instytut Spraw Publicznych, pp. 65–81.
- Dudzik, S. (2003), ‘Mechanizm wzmocnionej współpracy na tle konstytucyjnych zasad porządku prawnego Unii Europejskiej,’ Kwartalnik Prawa Publicznego, no. 1, pp. 7–39.
- Dyson, K. & Marcussen, M. (2010), ‘Transverse integration in European economic governance: Between unitary and differentiated integration,’ Journal of European Integration, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 17–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/0703633090337510710.1080/07036330903375107
- Dyson, K. & Sepos, A. (2010), ‘Differentiation as design principle and as tool in the political management of European integration,’ in K. Dyson & A. Sepos (eds.) Which Europe? The Politics of Differentiated Integration, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 3–23. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230289529_110.1057/9780230289529_1
- Ehlermann, C. D. (1998), ‘Differentiation, flexibility, closer co-operation: The new provisions of the Amsterdam Treaty,’ European Law Journal, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 246–270. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0386.0005210.1111/1468-0386.00052
- European Council (2011), 24–25 March 2011 Meeting, Conclusions, EUCO 10/1/11, Annex 1. Brussels, 20 April 2011. Retrieved from http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_Data/docs/pressdata/en/ec/120296.pdf [accessed Aug 2017]
- European Council (2016), 18 and 19 February 2016 Meeting, Conclusions, EUCO1/16, Brussels, 19 February 2016. Retrieved from http://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-1-2016-INIT/en/pdf [accessed Aug 2017]
- European Union (1992a), Protocol on certain provisions relating to Denmark, Treaty on European Union, Official Journal of the European Communities, C 191/89, 29.07.1992.
- European Union (1992b), Protocol on certain provisions relating to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Treaty on European Union, Official Journal of the European Communities, C 191/87, 29.07.1992.
- European Union (1992c), Protocol on social policy, Treaty on European Union, Official Journal of the European Communities, C 191/87, 29.07.1992.
- European Union (1992d), Protocol on the acquisition of property in Denmark, Treaty on European Union, Official Journal of the European Communities, C 191/87, 29.07.1992.
- European Union (1997a), Protocol integrating the Schengen acquis into the framework of the European Union, Treaty of Amsterdam amending the Treaty on European Union, the Treaties establishing the European Communities and certain related acts, signed at Amsterdam, 2 October 1997, Official Journal of the European Communities, C 340/01, 10.11.1997.
- European Union (1997b), Protocol on the application of certain aspects of Article 7a of the Treaty establishing the European Community to the United Kingdom and to Ireland, Treaty of Amsterdam amending the Treaty on European Union, the Treaties establishing the European Communities and certain related acts, signed at Amsterdam, 2 October 1997, Official Journal of the European Communities, C 340/01, 10.11.1997.
- European Union (1997c), Protocol on the position of Denmark, Treaty of Amsterdam amending the Treaty on European Union, the Treaties establishing the European Communities and certain related acts, signed at Amsterdam, 2 October 1997, Official Journal of the European Communities, C 340/01, 10.11.1997.
- European Union (1997d), Protocol on the position of the United Kingdom and Ireland, Treaty of Amsterdam amending the Treaty on European Union, the Treaties establishing the European Communities and certain related acts, signed at Amsterdam, 2 October 1997, Official Journal of the European Communities, C 340/01, 10.11.1997.
- European Union (2007a), Protocol on the application of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union to Poland and to the United Kingdom, Treaty of Lisbon amending the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty establishing the European Community, signed at Lisbon, 13 December 2007, Official Journal of the European Union, C 306/153, 17.12.2007.
- European Union (2007b), Protocol on the Euro Group. Treaty of Lisbon amending the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty establishing the European Community, signed at Lisbon, 13 December 2007, Official Journal of the European Union, C 306/153, 17.12.2007.
- European Union (2011), Statement by the Euro Area Heads of State or Government, Brussels, 9 December 2011. Retrieved from http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/ec/126658.pdf [accessed Aug 2017]
- Euro Summit Statement (2011), Brussels, 26 October 2011. Retrieved from http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/ec/125644.pdf [accessed Aug 2017]
- Fiorini, A. (2010), ‘Harmonizing the law applicable to divorce and legal separation – enhanced cooperation as a way forward?’ International & Comparative Law Quarterly, vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 1143–1158. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002058931000056410.1017/S0020589310000564
- Holzinger, K. & Schimmelfennig, F. (2012), ‘Differentiated integration in the European Union: many concepts, sparse theory, few data,’ Journal of European Public Policy, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 292–305. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2012.64174710.1080/13501763.2012.641747
- Kingdom of Spain and Italian Republic v Council of the European Union [2013], C-247/11 and C-295/11, ECLI:EU:C:2013:240.
- Kingdom of Spain v Council of the European Union [2015], C-147/13, ECLI:EU:C:2015:299.
- Kingdom of Spain v European Parliament and Council of the European Union [2015], C-146/13, ELI:EU:C:2015:298.
- Kölliker, A. (2006), Flexibility and European Unification. The Logic of Differentiated Integration, Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
- Kroll, D. A. & Leuffen, D. (2015), ‘Enhanced cooperation in practice: an analysis of differentiated integration in EU secondary law,’ Journal of European Public Policy, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 353–373. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2014.95678110.1080/13501763.2014.956781
- Kuipers, J-J. (2012), ‘The law applicable to divorce as test ground for enhanced cooperation,’ European Law Journal, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 201–229. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0386.2011.00594.x10.1111/j.1468-0386.2011.00594.x
- Leuffen, D.; Rittberger, B. & Schimmelfenning, F. (2013), Differentiated Integration. Explaining Variation in the European Union, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-28501-010.1007/978-1-137-28501-0
- Naurin, D. & Lindahl, R. (2010), ‘Out in the cold? Flexible integration and the political status of Euro opt-outs,’ European Union Politics, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 485–509. https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116510382463
- Peers, S. (2010), ‘Divorce, European style: the first authorization of enhanced cooperation,’ European Constitutional Law Review, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 339–358. https://doi.org/10.1017/S157401961030002210.1017/S1574019610300022
- Philippart, E. & Edwards, G. (1999), ‘The provisions on closer cooperation in the Treaty of Amsterdam: The politics of flexibility in the European Union,’ Journal of Common Market Studies, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 87–108. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5965.0015110.1111/1468-5965.00151
- Piris, J.-C. (2012), The Future of Europe: Towards a Two-Speed EU? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Regulation 1257/2012/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 December 2012 implementing enhanced cooperation in the area of the creation of unitary patent protection, Official Journal of the European Union, L 361/01, 31.12.2012.
- Rokicka, K. (2005), ‘Wzmocniona współpraca w wymiarze sprawiedliwości i sprawach wewnętrznych UE,’ in F. Jasiński & K. Smoter (eds.) Obszar wolności, bezpieczeństwa i sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej. Geneza, stan i perspektywy rozwoju, Warszawa: Urząd Komitetu Integracji Europejskiej, pp. 81–103.
- Schimmelfennig, F. (2014), ‘EU enlargement and differentiated integration: Discrimination or equal treatment?’ Journal of European Public Policy, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 681–698. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2014.89774410.1080/13501763.2014.897744
- Schimmelfenning, F. & Winzen, T. (2014), ‘Instrumental and constitutional differentiation in the European Union,’ Journal of Common Market Studies, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 354–370. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.1210310.1111/jcms.12103
- Schimmelfennig, F.; Leuffen, D. & Rittberger, B. (2015), ‘The European Union as a system of differentiated integration: Interdependence, politicization and differentiation,’ Journal of European Public Policy, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 764–782. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2015.102083510.1080/13501763.2015.1020835
- Stubb, A. C.-G. (1996), ‘A categorization of differentiated integration,’ Journal of Common Market Studies, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 283–295. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.1996.tb00573.x10.1111/j.1468-5965.1996.tb00573.x
- The Euro Plus Pact (2011), Stronger Economic Policy Coordination for Competitiveness and Convergence, European Council 24–25 March 2011, Conclusions, EUCO 10/1/11, Annex 1. Brussels, 20.04.2011.
- Tuytschaever, F. (1999), Differentiation in European Law, Oxford: Hart.
- Treaty of Amsterdam amending the Treaty on European Union, the Treaties establishing the European Communities and certain related acts, signed at Amsterdam, 2 October 1997, Official Journal of the European Communities, C 340/01, 10.11.1997.
- Treaty of Lisbon amending the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty establishing the European Community, signed at Lisbon, 13 December 2007, Official Journal of the European Union, C 306/01, 17.12.2007.
- Treaty on European Union, Official Journal of the European Communities, C 191/01, 29.07.1992.
- Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance in the Economic and Monetary Union. Brussels, 01.02.2012. Retrieved from http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_DOC-12-2_en.htm [accessed Aug 2017]
- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland v Council of the European Union [2014], C-209/13, ECLI:EU:C:2014:283.
- Winzen, T. (2016), ‘From capacity to sovereignty: Legislative politics and differentiated integration in the European Union,’ European Journal of Political Research, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 100–119. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.1212410.1111/1475-6765.12124
- Zhelyazkova, A. (2014), ‘From selective integration into selective implementation: The link between differentiated integration and conformity with EU laws,’ European Journal of Political Research, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 727–746. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12062