Table 1
Total flavonoids in L. japonica Thunb leaves (LE), green buds (GB), and flowers (FL) (n = 3)
| LE* | GB | FL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Content/% | 6.68 | 7.38 | 6.35 |
| RSD % | 0.63 | 0.41 | 1.42 |
Figure 1
Representative high-performance liquid chromatograms of standard mixture (A) and sample (B) of honeysuckle leaves. Peaks identification: 1, neochlorogenic acid; 2, chlorogenic acid; 3, caffeic acid; 4, rutin; 5, galuteolin; 6, hyperoside; 7, isochlorogenic acid C; 8, luteolin; and 9, quercetin. Chromatographic conditions are as depicted in the text.
Table 2
The contents of nine components in L. japonica Thunb leaves (LE), green buds (GB), and flowers (FL)
| Compound | Content/mg/g | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| LE* | GB | FL | |
| Galuteolin | 1.80 | 0.03 | 0.045 |
| Neochlorogenic acid | 0.55 | 0.51 | 0.40 |
| Chlorogenic acid | 17.75 | 24.91 | 16.96 |
| Isochlorogenic acid C | 140.47 | 112.20 | 120.09 |
| Caffeic acid | 0.011 | 0.03 | 0.018 |
| Rutin | 13.82 | 0.95 | 2.50 |
| Hyperoside | – | – | – |
| Luteolin | 0.17 | 0.066 | 0.074 |
| Quercetin | – | – | – |
Figure 2
Total ion chromatogram of the volatile components in June in leaves (LE) (A), flowers (FL) (B), and green buds (GB) (C) of L. japonica Thunb. The chromatographic and mass spectrometric conditions are as depicted in the text. The LE were collected in June 2015 with FL and GB.
Table 3
Volatile components in L. japonica Thunb leaves (LE), green buds (GB), and flowers (FL)
| Compound | Content/%* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LE† | GB | FL | ||
| 1 | 1,4-Eicosadiene1 | 0.94 | 0.47 | 0.42 |
| 2 | Tricosane | – | 0.50 | 0.50 |
| 3 | (Z)-9-Octadecenamide | – | 0.37 | – |
| 4 | 3-Ethyl-5-(2-ethylbutyl)-octadecane | – | 1.42 | – |
| 5 | Heptacosane | – | 6.70 | 7.59 |
| 6 | Tetratriacontane | 6.79 | 4.79 | – |
| 7 | Nonacosane | 10.11 | 30.71 | 32.82 |
| 8 | Tetratetracontane | – | 0.62 | – |
| 9 | Triacontane | 8.33 | 14.60 | 19.67 |
| 10 | 17-Pentatriacontene | 17.67 | 7.24 | 7.24 |
| 11 | Squalene | 8.72 | 0.52 | 0.66 |
| 12 | Pentacosane | – | – | 1.85 |
| 13 | Hexadecanamide | – | – | – |
| 14 | 9-Octadecene,1,1-[1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy)] bis-(Z,Z)- | – | – | – |
| Hydrocarbons/% | 66.07 | 67.94 | 70.75 | |
| 15 | 2-Heptadecanone | – | 1.49 | 1.59 |
| 16 | Bacteriochlorophyll-c-stearyl | 0.41 | – | – |
| 17 | 6,10,14-Trimethyl-2-pentadecanone | 0.17 | – | – |
| 18 | 2-Nonadecanone | – | 0.33 | – |
| 19 | Phytol | 1.85 | 1.90 | 0.52 |
| 20 | (Z)-Ethanol, 2-(9-octadecenyloxy)- | – | 0.20 | – |
| 21 | γ-Sitosterol | 6.92 | 6.58 | 8.35 |
| 22 | (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-Octadecatrien-1-ol | – | – | – |
| 23 | Stigmasterol | – | – | – |
| 24 | Trans-Geranylgeraniol | – | – | 0.37 |
| 25 | 14,16-Hentriacontanedione | – | – | 6.74 |
| Alcohol ketones/% | 9.35 | 10.50 | 17.57 | |
| 26 | n-Hexadecanoic acid | – | 0.75 | 3.76 |
| 27 | Phytol, acetate | 3.56 | 1.36 | 1.13 |
| 28 | (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid | 0.74 | 0.29 | – |
| 29 | (Z)-13-Docosenamide | 6.34 | – | 1.41 |
| Acids/% | 10.64 | 2.40 | 4.89 | |
| 30 | 15-Isobutyl-(13αH)-isocopalane | 1.46 | – | – |
| 31 | 8,14-Seco-3,19-epoxyandrostane-8,14-di-one, 17-acetoxy-3β-methoxy-4,4-dimethyl- | 0.39 | – | – |
| 32 | (3β,24Z)-Stigmasta-5,24(28)-dien-3-ol | – | – | – |
| 33 | (3β)-9,19-Cyclolanost-24-en-3-ol | 13.51 | 10.69 | – |
| Terpenes/% | 15.36 | 10.69 | 0 | |
| 34 | Docosanoic acid, methyl ester | – | 0.41 | – |
| 35 | (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester | – | – | – |
| 36 | Tetracosanoic acid, methyl ester | – | 3.81 | 1.72 |
| 37 | Hexacosanoic acid, methyl ester | – | 1.26 | 0.72 |
| 38 | Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester | 0.41 | – | 0.79 |
| 39 | Heptanoic acid, docosyl ester | – | – | – |
| 40 | (Z,Z)-9-Hexadecenoic acid, 9-octadecenyl ester | – | 0.24 | – |
| 41 | Oleic acid, 3-(octadecyloxy)propyl ester | – | – | – |
| 42 | Oleic acid, eicosyl ester | 0.37 | – | – |
| Lipids% | 0.78 | 5.72 | 3.23 | |
| 43 | 2,2-Methylenebis[6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-phenol] | 1.42 | – | – |
| 44 | Vitamin E | 2.42 | 2.03 | 1.51 |
| Derivatives/% | 3.84 | 2.03 | 1.51 | |
Figure 3
The antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus. (A) Leaves (LE) were collected in June, (B) LE were collected in July, (C) green buds (GB), and (D) flowers (FL). The FL and GB were collected in June 2015.
Table 4
Bacteriostatic results of L. japonica Thunb leaves (LE), green buds (GB), and flowers (FL)
| Samples | Concentration (g/mL) | Diameters of the inhibition zone (mm) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SA | RSD/% | ESBL-SA | RSD/% | EC | ESBL-EC | ||
| LE* | 1.0 | 13 | 0.78 | 14 | 0.74 | – | – |
| GB | 1.0 | 11 | 1.17 | 13 | 0.43 | – | – |
| FL | 1.0 | 12 | 0.45 | 11 | 1.30 | – | – |