Spectrum of Ischemic Heart Disease Throughout a Woman’s Life Cycle

Smitha Narayana Gowda; Sai Sita Garapati; Karla Kurrelmeyer

doi:10.14797/mdcvj.1331

Spectrum of Ischemic Heart Disease Throughout a Woman’s Life Cycle

Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal

Volume 20 (2024): Issue 2

By: Smitha Narayana Gowda , Sai Sita Garapati and Karla Kurrelmeyer

Open Access

|Mar 2024

Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, et al. Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990-2019: Update From the GBD 2019 Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(25):2982-3021. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Virani SS, Alonso A, Aparicio HJ, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics - 2021 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021 Jan 27;143(8): e254-e743. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000950
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mehilli J, Presbitero P. Coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome in women. Heart. 2020 Apr;106(7):487-492. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2019-315555
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Jackson R, Al-Hussaini A, Joseph S, et al. Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection: Pathophysiological Insights From Optical Coherence Tomography. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2019 Dec;12(12):2475-2488. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.01.015
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Elkayam U, Jalnapurkar S, Barakkat MN, et al. Pregnancy-associated acute myocardial infarction: A review of contemporary experience in 150 cases between 2006 and 2011. Circulation. 2014 Apr 22;129(16):1695-702. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.002054
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Tweet MS, Miller VM, Hayes SN. The Evidence on Estrogen, Progesterone, and Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection. JAMA Cardiol. 2019 May 1;4(5):403-404. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2019.0774
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Nishiguchi T, Tanaka A, Ozaki Y, et al. Prevalence of spontaneous coronary artery dissection in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2016 Jun;5(3):263-70. doi: 10.1177/2048872613504310
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Nakashima T, Noguchi T, Haruta S, et al. Prognostic impact of spontaneous coronary artery dissection in young female patients with acute myocardial infarction: A report from the Angina Pectoris-Myocardial Infarction Multicenter Investigators in Japan. Int J Cardiol. 2016 Mar 15:207:341-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.01.188
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Tweet MS, Hayes SN, Codsi E, Gulati R, Rose CH, Best PJM. Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection Associated With Pregnancy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017 Jul 25;70(4):426-435. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.05.055
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Smilowitz NR, Gupta N, Guo Y, et al. Acute Myocardial Infarction During Pregnancy and the Puerperium in the United States. Mayo Clin Proc. 2018 Oct;93(10):1404-1414. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.04.019
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Goel K, Tweet M, Olson TM, Maleszewski JJ, Gulati R, Hayes SN. Familial spontaneous coronary artery dissection: Evidence for genetic susceptibility. JAMA Intern Med. 2015 May;175(5):821-6. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.8307
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Tweet MS, Eleid MF, Best PJM, et al. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: Revascularization versus conservative therapy. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2014 Dec;7(6):777-86. doi: 10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.114.001659
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Prasad M, Tweet MS, Hayes SN, et al. Prevalence of Extracoronary Vascular Abnormalities and Fibromuscular Dysplasia in Patients With Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection. Am J Cardiol. 2015 Jun 15;115(12):1672-7. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.03.011
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Clare R, Duan L, Phan D, et al. Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of Patients With Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019 May 21;8(10):e012570. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.119.012570
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hayes SN, Kim CESH, Saw J, et al. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: Current state of the science: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2018 May 8;137(19):e523-e557. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000564
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Smyth A, O’Donnell M, Lamelas P, Teo K, Rangarajan S, Yusuf S. Physical Activity and Anger or Emotional Upset as Triggers of Acute Myocardial Infarction: The INTERHEART Study. Circulation. 2016 Oct 11;134(15):1059-1067. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.023142
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kok SN, Hayes SN, Cutrer FM, et al. Prevalence and clinical factors of migraine in patients with spontaneous coronary artery dissection. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018 Dec 18;7(24):e010140. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.118.010140
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Sharma S, Kaadan MI, Duran JM, et al. Risk Factors, Imaging Findings, and Sex Differences in Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection. Am J Cardiol. 2019 Jun 1;123(11):1783-1787. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2019.02.040
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Saw J, Humphries K, Aymong E, et al. Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection: Clinical Outcomes and Risk of Recurrence. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017 Aug 29;70(9):1148-1158. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.06.053
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Eleid MF, Guddeti RR, Tweet MS, et al. Coronary artery tortuosity in spontaneous coronary artery dissection angiographic characteristics and clinical implications. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2014 Oct;7(5):656-62. doi: 10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.114.001676
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Tweet MS, Akhtar NJ, Hayes SN, Best PJM, Gulati R, Araoz PA. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: Acute findings on coronary computed tomography angiography. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2019 Aug;8(5):467-475. doi: 10.1177/2048872617753799
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pozo-Osinalde E, García-Guimaraes M, Bastante T, et al. Characteristic findings of acute spontaneous coronary artery dissection by cardiac computed tomography. Coron Artery Dis. 2020 May;31(3):293-299. doi: 10.1097/MCA.0000000000000819
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Saw J, Starovoytov A, Humphries K, et al. Canadian spontaneous coronary artery dissection cohort study: In-hospital and 30-day outcomes. Eur Heart J. 2019 Apr 14;40(15):1188-1197. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz007
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hassan S, Prakash R, Starovoytov A, Saw J. Natural History of Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection With Spontaneous Angiographic Healing. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2019 Mar 25;12(6):518-527. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2018.12.011
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Byrne RA, Rossello X, Coughlan JJ, et al. 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J. 2023 Oct 12;44(38):3720-3826. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad191
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hayes SN, Tweet MS, Adlam D, et al. Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020 Aug 25;76(8):961-984. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.05.084
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Alfonso F, de la Torre Hernández JM, Ibáñez B, et al. Rationale and design of the BA-SCAD (Beta-blockers and Antiplatelet agents in patients with Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection) randomized clinical trial. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2022 Jun;75(6):515-522. doi: 10.1016/j.rec.2021.08.003
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Tweet MS, Young KA, Best PJM, et al. Association of Pregnancy with Recurrence of Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection among Women with Prior Coronary Artery Dissection. JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Sep 1;3(9):e2018170. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.18170
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wilmot KA, O’Flaherty M, Capewell S, Ford ES, Vaccarino V. Coronary heart disease mortality declines in the United States from 1979 through 2011: Evidence for stagnation in young adults, especially women. Circulation. 2015 Sep 15;132(11):997-1002. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.015293
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gupta A, Wang Y, Spertus JA, et al. Trends in acute myocardial infarction in young patients and differences by sex and race, 2001 to 2010. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014 Jul 29;64(4):337-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.04.054
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Spatz ES, Curry LA, Masoudi FA, et al. The variation in recovery: Role of gender on outcomes of young AMI patients (VIRGO) classification system: A taxonomy for young women with acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2015 Nov 3;132(18):1710-8. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.016502
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bandyopadhyay D, Chakraborty S, Amgai B, et al. Acute myocardial infarction in the young - National Trend Analysis with gender-based difference in outcomes. Int J Cardiol. 2020 Feb 15:301:21-28. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.11.096
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Safdar B, Spatz ES, Dreyer RP, et al. Presentation, clinical profile, and prognosis of young patients with myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA): Results from the VIRGO study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018 Jun 28;7(13):e009174. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.118.009174
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Huxley R, Barzi F, Woodward M. Excess risk of fatal coronary heart disease associated with diabetes in men and women: Meta-analysis of 37 prospective cohort studies. BMJ. 2006 Jan 14;332(7533):73-8. doi: 10.1136/bmj.38678.389583.7C
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Redfors B, Angerås O, Råmunddal T, et al. Trends in Gender Differences in Cardiac Care and Outcome After Acute Myocardial Infarction in Western Sweden: A Report From the Swedish Web System for Enhancement of Evidence-Based Care in Heart Disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies (SWEDEHEART). J Am Heart Assoc. 2015 Jul 14;4(7):e001995. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.115.001995
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Anand SS, Xie CC, Mehta S, et al. Differences in the management and prognosis of women and men who suffer from acute coronary syndromes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 Nov 15;46(10):1845-51. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.05.091
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Blomkalns AL, Chen AY, Hochman JS. Gender disparities in the diagnosis and treatment of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: large-scale observations from the CRUSADE (Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes With Early Implementation of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines) National Quality Improvement Initiative. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 Mar 15;45(6):832-7. doi: 10.1016/j.accreview.2005.06.007
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bugiardini R, Yan AT, Yan RT, et al. Factors influencing underutilization of evidence-based therapies in women. Eur Heart J. 2011 Jun;32(11):1337-44. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr027
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Samayoa L, Grace SL, Gravely S, Scott LB, Marzolini S, Colella TJF. Sex differences in cardiac rehabilitation enrollment: A meta-analysis. Can J Cardiol. 2014 Jul;30(7):793-800. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.11.007
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lameijer H, Kampman MAM, Oudijk MA, Pieper PG. Ischaemic heart disease during pregnancy or post-partum: Systematic review and case series. Neth Heart J. 2015 May;23(5):249-57. doi: 10.1007/s12471-015-0677-6
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pasupathy S, Air T, Dreyer RP, Tavella R, Beltrame JF. Systematic review of patients presenting with suspected myocardial infarction and nonobstructive coronary arteries. Circulation. 2015 Mar 10;131(10):861-70. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.011201
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Burke AP, Virmani R, Galis Z, Haudenschild CC, Muller JE. 34th Bethesda Conference: Task force #2--What is the pathologic basis for new atherosclerosis imaging techniques? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003 Jun 4;41(11):1874-86. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(03)00359-0
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Reynolds HR, Srichai MB, Iqbal SN, et al. Mechanisms of myocardial infarction in women without angiographically obstructive coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2011 Sep 27;124(13):1414-25. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.026542
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Patel MR, Chen AY, Peterson ED, et al. Prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and insignificant coronary artery disease: Results from the Can Rapid risk stratification of Unstable angina patients Suppress ADverse outcomes with Early implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) initiative. Am Heart J. 2006 Oct;152(4):641-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2006.02.035
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pathik B, Raman B, Amin NHM, et al. Troponin-positive chest pain with unobstructed coronary arteries: Incremental diagnostic value of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016 Oct;17(10):1146-52. doi: 10.1093/ehjci/jev289
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lindahl B, Baron T, Erlinge D, et al. Medical Therapy for Secondary Prevention and Long-Term Outcome in Patients with Myocardial Infarction with Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease. Circulation. 2017 Apr 18;135(16):1481-1489. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.026336
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bairey Merz CN, Pepine CJ, Walsh MN, et al. Ischemia and No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease (INOCA). Circulation. 2017 Mar 14;135(11):1075-1092. doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.024534
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Jespersen L, Hvelplund A, Abildstrøm SZ, et al. Stable angina pectoris with no obstructive coronary artery disease is associated with increased risks of major adverse cardiovascular events. Eur Heart J. 2012 Mar;33(6):734-44. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr331
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Maddox TM, Stanislawski MA, Grunwald GK, et al. Nonobstructive coronary artery disease and risk of myocardial infarction. JAMA. 2014 Nov 5;312(17):1754-63. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.14681
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gulati M, Cooper-DeHoff RM, McClure C, et al. Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Women With Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease. Arch Intern Med. 2009 May 11;169(9):843-50. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2009.50
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Sedlak TL, Lee M, Izadnegahdar M, Merz CNB, Gao M, Humphries KH. Sex differences in clinical outcomes in patients with stable angina and no obstructive coronary artery disease. Am Heart J. 2013 Jul;166(1):38-44. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2013.03.015
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Min JK, Dunning A, Lin FY, et al. Age- and sex-related differences in all-cause mortality risk based on coronary computed tomography angiography findings: Results from the international multicenter CONFIRM (Coronary CT Angiography Evaluation for Clinical Outcomes: An International Multicenter Registry) of 23,854 patients without known coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011 Aug 16;58(8):849-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.02.074
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gulati M, Levy PD, Mukherjee D, et al. 2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/ SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2021 Nov 30;144(22):e368-e454. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001030
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ford TJ, Stanley B, Good R, et al. Stratified Medical Therapy Using Invasive Coronary Function Testing in Angina: The CorMicA Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018 Dec 11;72(23 Pt A):2841-2855. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.09.006
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pepine CJ, Anderson RD, Sharaf BL, et al. Coronary Microvascular Reactivity to Adenosine Predicts Adverse Outcome in Women Evaluated for Suspected Ischemia. Results From the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute WISE (Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation) Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010 Jun 22;55(25):2825-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.01.054
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mosseri M. Coronary capillaries in patients with congestive cardiomyopathy or angina pectoris with patent main coronary arteries: Ultrastructural morphometry of endomyocardial biopsy samples. Circulation. 1991 Jul;84(1):203-10. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.84.1.203
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Opherk D, Zebe H, Weihe E, et al. Reduced coronary dilatory capacity and ultrastructural changes of the myocardium in patients with angina pectoris but normal coronary arteriograms. Circulation. 1981 Apr;63(4):817-25. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.63.4.817
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Egashira K, Inou T, Hirooka Y, et al. Impaired coronary blood flow response to acetylcholine in patients with coronary risk factors and proximal atherosclerotic lesions. J Clin Invest. 1993 Jan;91(1):29-37. doi: 10.1172/jci116183
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Quercioli A, Pataky Z, Montecucco F, et al. Coronary vasomotor control in obesity and morbid obesity: Contrasting flow responses with endocannabinoids, leptin, and inflammation. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012 Aug;5(8):805-15. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2012.01.020
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Förstermann U, Sessa WC. Nitric oxide synthases: Regulation and function. Eur Heart J. 2012 Apr;33(7):829-37, 837a-837d. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr304
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Camici PG, Crea F. Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction. New Engl J Med. 2007 Feb 22;356(8):830-40. doi: 10.1056/nejmra061889
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Agarwal M, Shufelt C, Mehta PK, et al. Cardiac Risk Factors and Myocardial Perfusion in Women with Microvascular Coronary Dysfunction. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2013 Sep 29;3(3):146-152. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(12)61079-1
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Sara JD, Widmer RJ, Matsuzawa Y, Lennon RJ, Lerman LO, Lerman A. Prevalence of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction Among Patients With Chest Pain and Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2015 Sep;8(11):1445-1453. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2015.06.017
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ong P, Camici PG, Beltrame JF, et al. International standardization of diagnostic criteria for microvascular angina. Int J Cardiol. 2018 Jan 1:250:16-20. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.08.068
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mygind ND, Michelsen MM, Pena A, et al. Coronary microvascular function and cardiovascular risk factors in women with angina pectoris and no obstructive coronary artery disease: The iPOWER study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016 Mar 15;5(3):e003064. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.115.003064
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Crea F, Camici PG, Merz CNB. Coronary microvascular dysfunction: An update. Eur Heart J. 2014 May;35(17):1101-11. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht513
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Virani SS, Newby LK, Arnold S V., et al. 2023 AHA/ACC/ACCP/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Chronic Coronary Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2023 Aug 29;82(9):833-955. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.04.003
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mayala HA, Bakari KH, Mghanga FP, Zhaohui W. Clinical significance of PET-CT coronary flow reserve in diagnosis of non-obstructive coronary artery disease. BMC Res Notes. 2018 Aug 6;11(1):566. doi: 10.1186/s13104-018-3667-0
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kelshiker MA, Seligman H, Howard JP, et al. Coronary flow reserve and cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J. 2022 Apr 19;43(16):1582-1593. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab775
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gupta A, Taqueti VR, van de Hoef TP, et al. Integrated Noninvasive Physiological Assessment of Coronary Circulatory Function and Impact on Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease. Circulation. 2017 Dec 12;136(24):2325-2336. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029992
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kunadian V, Chieffo A, Camici PG, et al. An EAPCI expert consensus document on ischaemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries in collaboration with European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Coronary Pathophysiology & Microcirculation Endorsed by Coronary Vasomotor Disorders International Study Group. EuroIntervention. 2021 Jan 20;16(13):1049-1069. doi: 10.4244/EIJY20M07_01
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Woudstra J, Vink CEM, Schipaanboord DJM, et al. Meta-analysis and systematic review of coronary vasospasm in ANOCA patients: Prevalence, clinical features and prognosis. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023 Mar 13:10:1129159. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1129159
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Beltrame JF, Crea F, Kaski JC, et al. International standardization of diagnostic criteria for vasospastic angina. Eur Heart J. 2017 Sep 1;38(33):2565-2568. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv351
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bory M, Pierron F, Panagides D, Bonnet JL, Yvorra S, Desfossez L. Coronary artery spasm in patients with normal or near normal coronary arteries. Long-term follow-up of 277 patients. Eur Heart J. 1996 Jul;17(7):1015-21. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a014996
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Smilowitz NR, Mahajan AM, Roe MT, et al. Mortality of Myocardial Infarction by Sex, Age, and Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease Status in the ACTION Registry-GWTG (Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network Registry-Get with the Guidelines). Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2017 Dec;10(12):e003443. doi: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.116.003443
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ekerstad N, Swahn E, Janzon M, et al. Frailty is independently associated with short-term outcomes for elderly patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2011 Nov 29;124(22):2397-404. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.025452
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pancholy SB, Shantha GPS, Patel T, Cheskin LJ. Sex differences in short-term and long-term all-cause mortality among patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated by primary percutaneous intervention: A meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2014 Nov;174(11):1822-30. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.4762
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Van Rosendael SE, Bax AM, Lin FY, et al. Sex and age-specific interactions of coronary atherosclerotic plaque onset and prognosis from coronary computed tomography. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2023 Aug 23;24(9):1180-1189. doi: 10.1093/ehjci/jead094
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
McSweeney JC, Rosenfeld AG, Abel WM, et al. Preventing and experiencing ischemic heart disease as a woman: State of the science: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016 Mar 29;133(13):1302-31. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000381
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
SCOT-HEART Investigators; David E Newby 1, Philip D Adamson, et al. Coronary CT angiography and 5-year risk of myocardial infarction. New Engl J Med. 2018 Sep 6;379(10):924-933. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1805971
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Authors

Metrics

Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14797/mdcvj.1331 | Journal eISSN: 1947-6108

Journal RSS Feed

Language: English

Page range: 81 - 93

Submitted on: Dec 20, 2023

Accepted on: Jan 10, 2024

Published on: Mar 14, 2024

Published by: Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

MINOCA,

INOCA,

vasospasm,

coronary microvascular dysfunction,

SCAD,

ischemic heart disease in women

© 2024 Smitha Narayana Gowda, Sai Sita Garapati, Karla Kurrelmeyer, published by Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License.

Volume 20 (2024): Issue 2