Figure 1
United States blood pressure guidelines for chronic kidney disease (CKD) hypertension targets over time. Above timeline: Hypertension trials with CKD participants from 1960 to 2018 (not all inclusive). Below timeline: Guidelines and hypertension treatment targets from 1960 to 2021. CKD: chronic kidney disease; AASK: African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension; ACCORD: Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes; ADVANCE: The Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron Controlled Evaluation trial; HTN: hypertension; KDIGO: Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes; MDRD: Modification of Diet in Renal Disease; REIN-2: Blood-Pressure Control for Renoprotection in Patients with Non-diabetic Chronic Renal Disease; SPRINT: Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial; SHEP: Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program; VA: Veterans Affairs. Adapted from Chang A et al. Blood Pressure Goals in Patients with CKD. CJASN Jan 2019, 14 (1) 161–169.