Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Acute and Subclinical Myocardial Injury in COVID-19 Cover

Acute and Subclinical Myocardial Injury in COVID-19

Open Access
|Dec 2021

References

  1. Jhu.org [Internet]. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University & Medicine; c2021. Coronavirus resource center: COVID-19 United States Cases by County; 2021 Dec 1 [cited 2021 Dec 1]. Available from: https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/us-map
  2. Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72 314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA. 2020 Apr 7;323(13):12391242. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.2648
  3. Clerkin KJ, Fried JA, Raikhelkar J, et al. COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Disease. Circulation. 2020 May 19;141(20):16481655. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.046941
  4. Azevedo RB, Botelho BG, Hollanda JVGd, et al. Covid-19 and the cardiovascular system: a comprehensive review. J Hum Hypertens. 2021 Jan;35(1):411. doi: 10.1038/s41371-020-0387-4
  5. Ye Q, Wang B, Mao J. The pathogenesis and treatment of the `Cytokine Storm’ in COVID-19. J Infect. 2020 Jun;80(6):607613. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.037
  6. Long B, Brady WJ, Koyfman A, Gottlieb M. Cardiovascular complications in COVID-19. Am J Emerg Med. 2020 Jul;38(7):15041507. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.048
  7. Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Schroeder S, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor. Cell. 2020 Apr 16;181(2):271280.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052
  8. Zheng Y-Y, Ma Y-T, Zhang J-Y, Xie X. COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2020 May;17(5):259260. doi: 10.1038/s41569-020-0360-5
  9. Al-Amoodi M, Rao K, Rao S, Brewer JH, Magalski A, Chhatriwalla AK. Fulminant Myocarditis Due to H1N1 Influenza. Circ Heart Fail. 2010 May;3(3):e7e9. doi: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.110.938506
  10. Alhogbani T. Acute myocarditis associated with novel Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Ann Saudi Med. Jan–Feb 2016;36(1):7880. doi: 10.5144/0256-4947.2016.78
  11. Oudit GY, Kassiri Z, Jiang C, et al. SARS-coronavirus modulation of myocardial ACE2 expression and inflammation in patients with SARS. Eur J Clin Invest. 2009 Jul;39(7):61825. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2009.02153.x
  12. Richardson S, Hirsch JS, Narasimhan M, et al. Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes Among 5700 Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in the New York City Area. JAMA. 2020 May 26;323(20):20522059. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.6775
  13. Zheng Z, Peng F, Xu B, et al. Risk factors of critical & mortal COVID-19 cases: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. J Infect. 2020 Aug;81(2):e16e25. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.021
  14. Jain S, Chaves SS. Obesity and influenza. Clin Infect Dis. 2011 Sep;53(5):4224. doi: 10.1093/cid/cir448
  15. Hendren NS, de Lemos JA, Ayers C, et al. Association of Body Mass Index and Age With Morbidity and Mortality in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19: Results From the American Heart Association COVID-19 Cardiovascular Disease Registry. Circulation. 2021 Jan 12;143(2):135144. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.051936
  16. Chan JWM, Ng CK, Chan YH, et al. Short term outcome and risk factors for adverse clinical outcomes in adults with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Thorax. 2003 Aug;58(8):6869. doi: 10.1136/thorax.58.8.686
  17. Mehra MR, Desai SS, Kuy S, Henry TD, Patel AN. Cardiovascular Disease, Drug Therapy, and Mortality in Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020 Jun 18;382(25):e102. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2007621
  18. Guo T, Fan Y, Chen M, et al. Cardiovascular Implications of Fatal Outcomes of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiol. 2020 Jul 1;5(7):811818. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1017
  19. Shi S, Qin M, Shen B, et al. Association of Cardiac Injury With Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Cardiol. 2020 Jul 1;5(7):802810. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.0950
  20. Metkus TS, Sokoll LJ, Barth AS, et al. Myocardial Injury in Severe COVID-19 Compared With Non-COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Circulation. 2021 Feb 9;143(6):553565. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050543
  21. Giustino G, Croft LB, Stefanini GG, et al. Characterization of Myocardial Injury in Patients With COVID-19. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020 Nov 3;76(18):20432055. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.08.069
  22. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):497506. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
  23. Han H, Xie L, Liu R, et al. Analysis of heart injury laboratory parameters in 273 COVID-19 patients in one hospital in Wuhan, China. J Med Virol. 2020 Jul;92(7):819823. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25809
  24. Petrilli CM, Jones SA, Yang J, et al. Factors associated with hospital admission and critical illness among 5279 people with coronavirus disease 2019 in New York City: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2020 May 22;369:m1966. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m1966
  25. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020 Mar 17;323(11):10611069. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.1585
  26. Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. 2020 Mar 28;395(10229):10541062. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3
  27. Harris JE, Shah PJ, Korimilli V, Win H. Frequency of troponin elevations in patients with influenza infection during the 2017-2018 influenza season. Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc. 2019 Jan 30;22:145147. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2018.12.013
  28. Riski H, Hovi T, Frick M H. Carditis associated with coronavirus infection. Lancet. 1980 Jul 12;2(8185):1001. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(80)92989-X
  29. Trachtenberg BH, Hare JM. Inflammatory Cardiomyopathic Syndromes. Circ Res. 2017 Sep 15;121(7):803818. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.310221
  30. Tavazzi G, Pellegrini C, Maurelli M, et al. Myocardial localization of coronavirus in COVID-19 cardiogenic shock. Eur J Heart Fail. 2020 May;22(5):911915. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.1828
  31. Halushka MK, Vander Heide RS. Myocarditis is rare in COVID-19 autopsies: cardiovascular findings across 277 postmortem examinations. Cardiovas Pathol. Jan–Feb 2021;50:107300. doi: 10.1016/j.carpath.2020.107300
  32. Kawakami R, Sakamoto A, Kawai K, et al. Pathological Evidence for SARS-CoV-2 as a Cause of Myocarditis: JACC Review Topic of the Week. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021 Jan 26;77(3):314325. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.031
  33. Lindner D, Fitzek A, Bräuninger H, et al. Association of Cardiac Infection With SARS-CoV-2 in Confirmed COVID-19 Autopsy Cases. JAMA Cardiol. 2020 Nov 1;5(11):12811285. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.3551
  34. Ferreira VM, Schulz-Menger J, Holmvang G, et al. Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Nonischemic Myocardial Inflammation: Expert Recommendations. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018 Dec 18;72(24):31583176. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.09.072
  35. Huang L, Zhao P, Tang D, et al. Cardiac Involvement in Patients Recovered From COVID-2019 Identified Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2020 Nov;13(11):23302339. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2020.05.004
  36. Puntmann VO, Carerj ML, Wieters I, et al. Outcomes of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients Recently Recovered From Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiol. 2020 Nov 1;5(11):12651273. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.3557
  37. Raman B, Cassar MP, Tunnicliffe EM, et al. Medium-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on multiple vital organs, exercise capacity, cognition, quality of life and mental health, post-hospital discharge. EClinicalMedicine. 2021 Jan 7;31:100683. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100683
  38. Joy G, Artico J, Kurdi H, et al. Prospective Case-Control Study of Cardiovascular Abnormalities 6 Months Following Mild COVID-19 in Healthcare Workers. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2021 May 5;S1936-878X(21)00356-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2021.04.011
  39. Starekova J, Bluemke DA, Bradham WS, et al. Evaluation for Myocarditis in Competitive Student Athletes Recovering From Coronavirus Disease 2019 With Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging. JAMA Cardiol. 2021 Aug 1;6(8):945950. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.7444
  40. Daniels CJ, Rajpal S, Greenshields JT, et al. Prevalence of Clinical and Subclinical Myocarditis in Competitive Athletes With Recent SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Results From the Big Ten COVID-19 Cardiac Registry. JAMA Cardiol. 2021 Sep 1;6(9):10781087. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2021.2065
  41. Martinez MW, Tucker AM, Bloom OJ, et al. Prevalence of Inflammatory Heart Disease Among Professional Athletes With Prior COVID-19 Infection Who Received Systematic Return-to-Play Cardiac Screening. JAMA Cardiol. 2021 Jul 1;6(7):745752. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2021.0565
  42. Kotecha T, Knight DS, Razvi Y, et al. Patterns of myocardial injury in recovered troponin-positive COVID-19 patients assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Eur Heart J. 2021 May 14;42(19):18661878. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab075
  43. Rajpal S, Tong MS, Borchers J, et al. Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Findings in Competitive Athletes Recovering From COVID-19 Infection. JAMA Cardiol. 2021 Jan 1;6(1):116118. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.4916
  44. Knight DS, Kotecha T, Razvi Y, et al. COVID-19: Myocardial Injury in Survivors. Circulation. 2020 Sep 15;142(11):11201122. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.049252
  45. Kim JH, Levine BD, Phelan D, et al. Coronavirus Disease 2019 and the Athletic Heart: Emerging Perspectives on Pathology, Risks, and Return to Play. JAMA Cardiol. 2021 Feb 1;6(2):219227. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.5890
  46. Madjid M, Miller CC, Zarubaev V, et al. Influenza epidemics and acute respiratory disease activity are associated with a surge in autopsy-confirmed coronary heart disease death: results from 8 years of autopsies in 34,892 subjects. Eur Heart J. 2007 May;28(10):120510. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehm035
  47. Madjid M, Safavi-Naeini P, Solomon SD, Vardeny O. Potential Effects of Coronaviruses on the Cardiovascular System: A Review. JAMA Cardiol. 2020 Jul 1;5(7):831840. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1286
  48. Cowan LT, Lutsey PL, Pankow JS, Matsushita K, Ishigami J, Lakshminarayan K. Inpatient and Outpatient Infection as a Trigger of Cardiovascular Disease: The ARIC Study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018 Nov 20;7(22):e009683. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.118.009683
  49. Kwong JC, Schwartz KL, Campitelli MA, et al. Acute Myocardial Infarction after Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza Infection. N Engl J Med. 2018 Jan 25;378(4):345353. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1702090
  50. Musher DM, Abers MS, Corrales-Medina VF. Acute Infection and Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med. 2019 Jan 10;380(2):171176. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1808137
  51. Kite TA, Ludman PF, Gale CP, et al. International Prospective Registry of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Patients With COVID-19. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021 May 25;77(20):24662476. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.03.309
  52. Choudry FA, Hamshere SM, Rathod KS, et al. High Thrombus Burden in Patients With COVID-19 Presenting With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020 Sep 8;76(10):11681176. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.07.022
  53. Sama IE, Ravera A, Santema BT, et al. Circulating plasma concentrations of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in men and women with heart failure and effects of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone inhibitors. Eur Heart J. 2020 May 14;41(19):18101817. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa373
  54. Bhatt AS, Jering KS, Vaduganathan M, et al. Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure Hospitalized With COVID-19. JACC Heart Fail. 2021 Jan;9(1):6573. doi: 10.1016/j.jchf.2020.11.003
  55. Castagna F, Kataria R, Madan S, et al. A History of Heart Failure Is an Independent Risk Factor for Death in Patients Admitted with Coronavirus 19 Disease. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2021 Jun 30;8(7):77. doi: 10.3390/jcdd8070077
  56. Templin C, Ghadri JR, Diekmann J, et al. Clinical Features and Outcomes of Takotsubo (Stress) Cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med. 2015 Sep 3;373(10):92938. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1406761
  57. Chao C, DeValeria PA, Sen A, et al. Reversible cardiac dysfunction in severe COVID-19 infection, mechanisms and case report. Echocardiography. 2020 Sep;37(9):14651469. doi: 10.1111/echo.14807
  58. Dave S, Thibodeau JT, Styrvoky K, Bhatt SH. Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy in a Coronavirus Disease-2019-Positive Patient: A Case Report. A A Pract. 2020 Sep;14(11):e01304. doi: 10.1213/XAA.0000000000001304
  59. Moady G, Atar S. Takotsubo syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic, state-of -the- art review. CJC Open. 2021 May 26. doi: 10.1016/j.cjco.2021.05.011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14797/mdcvj.1038 | Journal eISSN: 1947-6108
Language: English
Page range: 22 - 30
Submitted on: Sep 14, 2021
Accepted on: Oct 11, 2021
Published on: Dec 15, 2021
Published by: Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2021 Valentina L. Crudo, Ahmed I. Ahmed, Eilidh L. Cowan, Dipan J. Shah, Mouaz H. Al-Mallah, Maan Malahfji, published by Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License.