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Hydrodynamic and Hydrochemical Conditions in the Hyporheic Zone of a Heavily Anthropogenically Transformed River in the KonstantynóW Łódzki Area (Poland) Cover

Hydrodynamic and Hydrochemical Conditions in the Hyporheic Zone of a Heavily Anthropogenically Transformed River in the KonstantynóW Łódzki Area (Poland)

Quaestiones Geographicae
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By: Ewa Krogulec,  Jerzy J. Małecki,  Marzena Szostakiewicz-Hołownia,  Joanna Trzeciak,  Sebastian Zabłocki and  Maciej Ziułkiewicz  
Open Access
|Dec 2025

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

Locations of research profiles and sampling points.
Locations of research profiles and sampling points.

Fig. 2.

Vertical hydraulic gradients (VHGs) [m · m−1] and dominant directions of water flow in hyporheic zone (HZ) at locations where water samples were taken for chemical analysis (marked with arrows).
Vertical hydraulic gradients (VHGs) [m · m−1] and dominant directions of water flow in hyporheic zone (HZ) at locations where water samples were taken for chemical analysis (marked with arrows).

Fig. 3.

Model calibration graph.
Model calibration graph.

Fig. 4.

Infiltration zones of Ner River waters.
Infiltration zones of Ner River waters.

Fig. 5.

Comparison of laboratory-determined content of selected components in the hyporheic zone (HZ) waters with content calculated by hydrogeochemical models [mg · dm−3].
Comparison of laboratory-determined content of selected components in the hyporheic zone (HZ) waters with content calculated by hydrogeochemical models [mg · dm−3].

Fig. 6.

Concentrations of selected elements in the alluvium of Ner River (average values for each profile studied shown in grey).
Concentrations of selected elements in the alluvium of Ner River (average values for each profile studied shown in grey).

Fig. 7.

Dendrogram of hydrochemical similarity of the studied waters.
Dendrogram of hydrochemical similarity of the studied waters.

Characteristics of the hyporheic exchange flow (HEF)_

ParametersAverage distanceMinimal distanceMaximal distanceStandard deviationAverage travel time to drainage zoneAverage velocityPercentage of the river length
[m][a][m a−1][%]
All paths389.4810.571117.49307.8820.2419.2455.24
Paths within Ner River drainage zone (light green in Fig. 4)143.4210.57566.88138.2312.8611.1529.41
Paths to groundwater intake (dark green in Fig. 4)669.64408.411117.49183.1328.6323.3925.83
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/quageo-2026-0007 | Journal eISSN: 2081-6383 | Journal ISSN: 2082-2103
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Language: English
Submitted on: May 22, 2025
Published on: Dec 16, 2025
Published by: Adam Mickiewicz University
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
hyporheic zone,
treated sewage discharge,
riverbed sediments,
vertical hydraulic gradients,
Ner River,
Łódź agglomeration
Related subjects:
Geosciences,
Geography

© 2025 Ewa Krogulec, Jerzy J. Małecki, Marzena Szostakiewicz-Hołownia, Joanna Trzeciak, Sebastian Zabłocki, Maciej Ziułkiewicz, published by Adam Mickiewicz University
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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