The Quality of the Zygmunt Spring Water (Southern Poland) – Preliminary Results

Dąbrowska, Dominika; Ruman, Marek; Wróbel, Jacek

doi:10.14746/quageo-2024-0032

Figures & Tables

Map of study area location (based on Pacholewski, Guzik 1997b).

Water quality results_

Parameter	Unit	Nov 2023	Feb 2024	Relative difference RD	Standard deviation SD	Standard error SE	Limit¹	Limit²	Limit³
Parameter	Unit	Nov 2023	Feb 2024	[%]	Standard deviation SD	[%]	Limit¹	Limit²	Limit³
Electrolytic conductivity EC	S · m⁻¹	0.0359	0.0221	15.89	0.0043.84	31.00	2500	700	400
pH	[–]	7.13	6.95	2.56	0.13	0.09	6.5–8.5	6.5–8.5	6.5–8.5
Ca²⁺	mg · dm⁻³	81	82	0	2.33	1.65	80	50
Mg²⁺	mg · dm⁻³	0.73	2.6	112.31	1.32	0.94	125	30
Na⁺	mg · dm⁻³	9.7	13	29.07	0.00	0.00	200	60
K⁺	mg · dm⁻³	0.5	0.5	0	0.00	0.00		10
HCO₃⁻	mg · dm⁻³	198	201	1.50	2.12	1.50		200
SO₄²-	mg · dm⁻³	16	23	35.90	4.95	3.50	250	60
Cl⁻	mg · dm⁻³	23	28	19.61	3.54	2.50	250	60	200
NO₃⁻	mg · dm⁻³	14	13	7.41	0.71	0.50	50	10	50
NO₂⁻	mg · dm⁻³	0.033	0.033	0	0.00	0.00	0.5	0.03	3
NH₄⁺	mg · dm⁻³	0.065	0.065	0	0.00	0.00	0.5	0.5
PO₄³⁻	mg · dm⁻³	0.081	0.068	17.45	0.01	0.01		0.5
Fe²⁺	mg · dm⁻³	0.002	0.041	181.40	0.03	0.02	0.2	0.2
Al³⁺	mg · dm⁻³	0.005	0.005	0	0.00	0.00	0.2	0.1
Mn²⁺	mg · dm⁻³	0.0005	0.0005	163.64	0.00	0.00	0.05	0.05	0.4
Ni²⁺	mg · dm⁻³	0.002	0.002	0	0.00	0.00	0.002	0.005	0.07
Cu²⁺	mg · dm⁻³	0.002	0.002	0	0.00	0.00		0.01	2
Sr²⁺	mg · dm⁻³	0.044	0.071	46.96	0.02	0.01
Pb²⁺	mg · dm⁻³	0.002	0.002	0	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01
Cd²⁺	mg · dm⁻³	0.00025	0.00025	0	0.00	0.00	0.005	0.001	0.003
Cr⁶⁺	mg · dm⁻³	0.0015	0.0015	0	0.00	0.00	0.05	0.01	0.05
Hg²⁺	mg · dm⁻³	0.00005	0.00013	88.89	0.00	0.00	0.001	0.001	0.006
Zn²⁺	mg · dm⁻³	0.0025	0.016	145.95	0.01	0.01		0.05
S²⁻	mg · dm⁻³	4.3	5	15.05	0.49	0.35
Kjeldahl nitrogen	mg · dm⁻³	2.5	2.5	0	0.00	0.00			1.5
TOC	mg · dm⁻³	1	1	0	0.00	0.00		5
Alkalinity	mg · dm⁻³ CaCO₃	162	164	1.23	1.41	1.00		–
Coliform bacteria	cfu · 100 mL⁻¹	0	0	0	0.00	0.00	0	–	0
Escherichia coli	cfu · 100 mL⁻¹	0	9	200	6.36	4.50	0	–	0
Enterococci	cfu · 100 mL⁻¹	0	0	0	0.00	0.00	0	–	0
Clostridium perfringens	cfu · 100 mL⁻¹	0	0	0	0.00	0.00	0	–	0
Microorganisms at 22 ± 2°C	cfu · mL⁻¹	>300	70	124.32	162.63	115.00	100	–	100
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	cfu · 100 mL⁻¹	0	0	0	0.00	0.00	0	–	0
Microorganisms at 36 ± 2°C	cfu · mL⁻¹	13	12	8	0.71	0.50	20	–	20

The Quality of the Zygmunt Spring Water (Southern Poland) – Preliminary Results

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

Water quality results_

Paradigm

My account