The Quality of the Zygmunt Spring Water (Southern Poland) – Preliminary Results

Parameter	Unit	Nov 2023	Feb 2024	Relative difference RD	Standard deviation SD	Standard error SE	Limit¹	Limit²	Limit³
Parameter	Unit	Nov 2023	Feb 2024	[%]	Standard deviation SD	[%]	Limit¹	Limit²	Limit³
Electrolytic conductivity EC	S · m⁻¹	0.0359	0.0221	15.89	0.0043.84	31.00	2500	700	400
pH	[–]	7.13	6.95	2.56	0.13	0.09	6.5–8.5	6.5–8.5	6.5–8.5
Ca²⁺	mg · dm⁻³	81	82	0	2.33	1.65	80	50
Mg²⁺	mg · dm⁻³	0.73	2.6	112.31	1.32	0.94	125	30
Na⁺	mg · dm⁻³	9.7	13	29.07	0.00	0.00	200	60
K⁺	mg · dm⁻³	0.5	0.5	0	0.00	0.00		10
HCO₃⁻	mg · dm⁻³	198	201	1.50	2.12	1.50		200
SO₄²-	mg · dm⁻³	16	23	35.90	4.95	3.50	250	60
Cl⁻	mg · dm⁻³	23	28	19.61	3.54	2.50	250	60	200
NO₃⁻	mg · dm⁻³	14	13	7.41	0.71	0.50	50	10	50
NO₂⁻	mg · dm⁻³	0.033	0.033	0	0.00	0.00	0.5	0.03	3
NH₄⁺	mg · dm⁻³	0.065	0.065	0	0.00	0.00	0.5	0.5
PO₄³⁻	mg · dm⁻³	0.081	0.068	17.45	0.01	0.01		0.5
Fe²⁺	mg · dm⁻³	0.002	0.041	181.40	0.03	0.02	0.2	0.2
Al³⁺	mg · dm⁻³	0.005	0.005	0	0.00	0.00	0.2	0.1
Mn²⁺	mg · dm⁻³	0.0005	0.0005	163.64	0.00	0.00	0.05	0.05	0.4
Ni²⁺	mg · dm⁻³	0.002	0.002	0	0.00	0.00	0.002	0.005	0.07
Cu²⁺	mg · dm⁻³	0.002	0.002	0	0.00	0.00		0.01	2
Sr²⁺	mg · dm⁻³	0.044	0.071	46.96	0.02	0.01
Pb²⁺	mg · dm⁻³	0.002	0.002	0	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01
Cd²⁺	mg · dm⁻³	0.00025	0.00025	0	0.00	0.00	0.005	0.001	0.003
Cr⁶⁺	mg · dm⁻³	0.0015	0.0015	0	0.00	0.00	0.05	0.01	0.05
Hg²⁺	mg · dm⁻³	0.00005	0.00013	88.89	0.00	0.00	0.001	0.001	0.006
Zn²⁺	mg · dm⁻³	0.0025	0.016	145.95	0.01	0.01		0.05
S²⁻	mg · dm⁻³	4.3	5	15.05	0.49	0.35
Kjeldahl nitrogen	mg · dm⁻³	2.5	2.5	0	0.00	0.00			1.5
TOC	mg · dm⁻³	1	1	0	0.00	0.00		5
Alkalinity	mg · dm⁻³ CaCO₃	162	164	1.23	1.41	1.00		–
Coliform bacteria	cfu · 100 mL⁻¹	0	0	0	0.00	0.00	0	–	0
Escherichia coli	cfu · 100 mL⁻¹	0	9	200	6.36	4.50	0	–	0
Enterococci	cfu · 100 mL⁻¹	0	0	0	0.00	0.00	0	–	0
Clostridium perfringens	cfu · 100 mL⁻¹	0	0	0	0.00	0.00	0	–	0
Microorganisms at 22 ± 2°C	cfu · mL⁻¹	>300	70	124.32	162.63	115.00	100	–	100
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	cfu · 100 mL⁻¹	0	0	0	0.00	0.00	0	–	0
Microorganisms at 36 ± 2°C	cfu · mL⁻¹	13	12	8	0.71	0.50	20	–	20

11 Regulation of the Minister of Health of 07 December 2017 on the quality of water intended for human consumption.

12 Regulation of the Minister of Maritime Economy and Inland Navigation of 11 October 2019 on the criteria and method of assessing the status of groundwater bodies.

13 The Guidelines for drinking-water quality (GDWQ) proposed by WHO (2022), Harichandan et al. (2017).

1* Italic font suggests half the value of the limit of quantification of a given parameter.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/quageo-2024-0032 | Journal eISSN: 2081-6383 | Journal ISSN: 2082-2103 (formerly 0137-477X)

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Language: English

Page range: 125 - 133

Submitted on: May 14, 2024

Published on: Sep 4, 2024

Published by: Adam Mickiewicz University

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

spring,

karst,

water quality,

microbiology,

the Backman Contamination Index,

risk,

Złoty Potok

Related subjects:

Geosciences,

Geography

© 2024 Dominika Dąbrowska, Marek Ruman, Jacek Wróbel, published by Adam Mickiewicz University
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 43 (2024): Issue 3 (September 2024)

The Quality of the Zygmunt Spring Water (Southern Poland) – Preliminary Results

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