Examples of potential data sources for polar studies based on Svalbard_
| Data provider | Type of product/ device | Start | Stop | Sensors | Repeat coverage [days] | Resolution | Extra information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NPI | Aerial photos | 1936 | 1938 | Panchromatic film | NA | 18 × 18 cm film Geyman et al. (2022) | NPI dataset |
| NPI | Aerial photos | 1960 | 1961 | Panchromatic film | NA | 1,270 dpi or 1,800 dpi (NPI aerial image archive) | NPI aerial image archive – available for purchase |
| NPI | Orthophotomap | 2008 | 2012 | NA | 40 cm | The orthophotomap is freely available as WMS or WMTS in NPI dataset | |
| USGS | CORONA (KH-1 to KH-4B) | 1959 | 1972 | 1.8–7.7 m | From KH-4, thanks to panchromatic cameras, it is possible for DEM Dashora et al. (2007), Iacone et al. (2022) and Shahbandeh et al. (2023). Available for purchase at (earthexplorer.usgs.gov) | ||
| USGS | Landsat 1 | 23.07.1972 | 6.01.1978 | RBV, MSS | 18 | 80 m | |
| USGS | Landsat 2 | 22.01.1975 | 5.02.1982 | RBV, MSS | 18 | 80 m | |
| USGS | Landsat 3 | 5.03.1978 | 31.03.1983 | RBV, MSS | 18 | 80 m | |
| USGS | Landsat 4 | 16.07.1982 | 15.06.2001 | TM, MSS | 16 | 30 m/80 m | |
| USGS | Landsat 5 | 1.03.1984 | 01.2013 | TM, MSS | 16 | 30 m/80 m | |
| USGS | Landsat 7 | 15.04.1999 | 2022 | ETM+ | 16 | 15 m/ 30 m/ 80 m | Error in scan line corrector (May 2003, Ustin, Middleton 2021) |
| USGS | Landsat 8 | 11.02.2013 | Still operating | OLI, TIRS | 16 | 15 m/30 m | |
| USGS | Landsat 9 | 27.09.2021 | Still operating | OLI-2, TIRS-2 | 16 (overlap with L8) | 15 m/30 m | |
| ESA | Sentinel 1A | 3.04.2014 | Still operating | SAR | 6 | Radar imaging | |
| ESA | Sentinel IB | 25.04.2016 | 2022 | ||||
| ESA | Sentinel 2A | 23.06.2015 | Still operating | MSI | 5 | 10 m/ 20 m/ 60 m | Multispectral high-resolution imaging |
| ESA | Sentinel 2B | 7.03.2017 | |||||
| ESA | Sentinel 3 A | 16.02.2016 | Still operating | The SLSTR, The ocean and land colour instrument, SAR | 27 | Multi-instrument | |
| ESA | Sentinel 3B | 25.04.2018 |
Assignment of spectral bands to satellite individual bands_
| MSS | TM | ETM+ | OLI and TIRS | Sentinel-2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Red | L1–L3 (Band 5), L4–L5 (Band 2) | Band 3 | Band 3 | Band 4 | Band 4 |
| Green | L1–L3 (Band 4), L4–L5 (Band 1) | Band 2 | Band 2 | Band 3 | Band 3 |
| Blue | NA | Band 1 | Band 1 | Band 2 | Band 2 |
| NIR | L1–L3 (Band 6 and 7), L4–L5 (Band 3 and 4) | Band 4 | Band 4 | Band 5 | Band 8 |
| SWIR1 | NA | Band 5 | Band 5 | Band 6 | Band 11 |
| SWIR2 | NA | Band 7 | Band 7 | Band 7 | Band 12 |
| TIR (TIRS 1 and TIRS 2) | NA | Band 6 | Band 6 | Band 10 – TIRS 1 Band 11 – TIRS 2 | NA |
| PAN panchromatic | NA | NA | Band 8 | Band 8 | NA |
| Cirrus | NA | NA | NA | Band 9 | NA |
| Coastal aerosol | NA | NA | NA | Band 1 | NA |