The Landscape Fragmentation: Analysis of Land Cover Transformation in High Mountains Environment on the Example of Tatra Region (Southern Poland)

Piotr Pyryt; Katarzyna Pukowiec-Kurda

doi:10.14746/quageo-2024-0007

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The Landscape Fragmentation: Analysis of Land Cover Transformation in High Mountains Environment on the Example of Tatra Region (Southern Poland)

Quaestiones Geographicae

Volume 43 (2024): Issue 1 (March 2024)

By: Piotr Pyryt and Katarzyna Pukowiec-Kurda

Open Access

|Feb 2024

Figures & Tables

Location of the Tatra region in Poland (A) with information about its CORINE Land Cover classes (B).

Table 1.

Landscape fragmentation indexes.

Index	Name	Formula	Notes	Level of operation*	Source
NP	Number of Patches	–	–	Landscape level
MPE	Mean Patch Edge	MPE = (e₁ + e₂ + … + e_n) ÷ n	e – edge of the patch (m) n – the number of patches in the selected LC class	Class level	McGarigal and Marks (1995), Zhang and Wang (2006)
MSI	Mean Shape Index	MSI = (e ÷ A)	e – edge of the patch (m) A – total area of landscape	Class level	McGarigal and Marks (1995), Zhang and Wang (2006),
SDI	Shannon’s Diversity Index	$S D I = (- \sum_{i = 1}^{R} p_{i} \ln p_{i})$	p_i – proportion of individuals belonging to the ith LC class in the landscape	Landscape level	Urbański (2008), Sobala and Pukowiec-Kurda (2016)
SEI	Shannon’s Evenness Index	SEI = (SDI ÷ max(SDI))	SDI – actual value of Shannon’s Diversity Index max (SDI) – maximal possible SDI value	Landscape level	Urbański (2008)
DIVISION	Landscape Division Index	$D I V I S I O N = (1 - \sum_{i = 1}^{m} \sum_{j = 1}^{n} (\frac{a_{i j 2}}{A}))$	i – LC class a_ij – area (m²) of the patch A – total area of landscape	Class level	Urbański (2008)

1 * Landscape level – the index is calculated for the entire landscape as one value; class level – the index is calculated for each LC class.

Table 2.

Values of index of landscape change for particular land cover forms according to the CORINE Land Cover classification in the Tatra region (ICh value—green colour when the share of a given LC form has increased and red colour when the share of a given LC has decreased).

CLC code	Area [ha]				ICh [%]
CLC code	2000	2006	2012	2018	^ICh00–06	^ICh06–12	^ICh12–18	^ICh00–18
112	1735.21	1839.39	2399.88	2972.04	0.11	0.59	0.61	1.31
141	0.00	18.78	17.05	18.18	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.02
142	23.10	22.95	21.24	129.36	0.00	0.00	0.11	0.11
211	2634.21	2687.80	16258.58	4626.12	0.06	14.39	12.33	2.11
231	14225.05	14317.34	4284.58	12295.75	0.10	10.64	8.49	2.05
242	2079.09	1904.76	982.94	910.70	0.18	0.98	0.08	1.24
243	3136.02	3035.51	2387.99	2341.27	0.11	0.69	0.05	0.84
311	97.59	458.98	113.98	121.66	0.38	0.37	0.01	0.03
312	14856.89	14811.78	13638.78	13243.95	0.05	1.24	0.42	1.71
313	679.73	388.05	451.19	582.83	0.31	0.07	0.14	0.10
321	2406.07	2403.38	2074.84	2697.85	0.00	0.35	0.66	0.31
322	2159.93	2151.63	2057.61	2033.98	0.01	0.10	0.03	0.13
324	410.64	429.77	456.00	2874.62	0.02	0.03	2.56	2.61
332	2348.89	2322.01	1646.70	1783.19	0.03	0.72	0.14	0.60
333	291.07	291.38	279.61	436.38	0.00	0.01	0.17	0.15
511	0.00	0.00	18.88	20.04	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.02
512	76.53	76.50	70.15	72.06	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00
Overall ICh					1.38	30.19	25.81	13.36

Index of landscape change (ICh) inside and outside Tatra NP in the period of 2000–2018.

Land cover changes in the Tatra region in the 2000–2006–2012–2018 periods.

Table 3.

Mean Patch Edge (MPE) in the Tatra region in the 2000-2018 period for selected LC forms.

CLC code	MPE [m]
	2000	2006	2012	2018
112	14 367.00	12 397.14	15 228.02	15 063.99
141	0.00	2 557.64	2 557.64	2 557.64
142	3 109.36	3 109.36	3 109.36	8 495.38
211	12 735.41	12 735.33	26 570.53	4 144.60
231	12 429.33	12 495.35	9 969.87	11 031.61
242	5 588.21	5 506.85	5 453.74	4 733.83
243	5 265.41	5 393.80	5 577.05	5 478.32
311	3 824.21	3 934.29	3 804.81	3 784.66
312	18 097.87	17 500.69	15 868.58	17 768.00
313	9 271.88	10 256.72	10 259.33	7 865.39
321	7 880.22	7 945.46	10 764.73	12 471.43
322	14 040.35	14 004.48	14 659.31	22 307.29
324	4 266.16	4 284.40	3 943.19	6 878.49
332	13 777.95	13 595.98	10 604.71	54 742.03
333	1 229.49	1 229.49	3 191.27	3 698.45
511	0.00	2 623.02	3 690.03	3 533.54
512	2 623.03	12 397.14	2 620.30	2 616.70
Overall MPE	9451.12	9413.86	9964.18	9822.28

Table 4.

Mean Shape Index (MSI) in the Tatra region in the 2000–2018 period for selected land cover forms.

LC class	MSI [m]
	2000	2006	2012	2018
112	2.991	2.767	2.816	2.736
141	–	1.398	1.398	1.398
142	1.523	1.523	1.523	2.342
211	2.688	2.688	2.835	1.672
231	2.244	2.212	2.332	2.291
242	2.019	2.010	1.997	1.886
243	1.877	1.894	1.904	1.884
311	1.785	1.822	1.807	1.776
312	2.488	2.468	2.430	2.515
313	2.152	2.400	2.294	3.117
321	2.815	2.819	2.575	2.319
322	2.441	2.436	2.378	2.722
324	2.267	2.041	1.918	2.418
332	2.586	2.570	2.097	3.499
333	3.986	3.986	2.592	2.018
511	–	–	2.696	2.840
512	1.209	1.209	1.210	1.227
Overall MSI	2.276	2.259	2.238	2.228

Table 5.

Landscape Division Index (LDI) in the Tatra region in the 2000–2018 period for selected land cover forms.

LC form	LDI
	2000	2006	2012	2018
112	71.76	73.94	50.33	57.49
141	–	0.00	0.00	0.00
142	0.00	0.00	0.00	30.58
211	34.04	34.04	56.92	82.11
231	90.60	90.44	87.08	94.10
242	95.09	95.31	94.59	94.93
243	96.87	96.76	96.36	96.17
311	44.77	63.08	60.24	60.85
312	20.28	21.11	60.88	67.30
313	30.45	34.55	28.36	47.02
321	80.29	79.67	73.01	67.98
322	77.17	77.10	77.61	65.80
324	90.17	89.94	80.62	88.58
332	42.58	41.15	25.74	0.00
333	44.23	44.23	62.15	77.02
511	–	0.00	0.00	0.00
512	62.71	62.71	62.61	64.07

Landscape Division Index values in the Tatra region in the 2000–2018 period for each patch of landscape.

References

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Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/quageo-2024-0007 | Journal eISSN: 2081-6383 | Journal ISSN: 2082-2103 (formerly 0137-477X)

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Language: English

Page range: 111 - 126

Submitted on: Mar 21, 2023

Published on: Feb 27, 2024

Published by: Adam Mickiewicz University

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

ecological informatics,

landscape metrics,

protected areas,

natural hazard,

anthropogenic changes,

Tatra region

Related subjects:

Geosciences,

Geography

© 2024 Piotr Pyryt, Katarzyna Pukowiec-Kurda, published by Adam Mickiewicz University
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 43 (2024): Issue 1 (March 2024)

The Landscape Fragmentation: Analysis of Land Cover Transformation in High Mountains Environment on the Example of Tatra Region (Southern Poland)

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Table 1.

Table 2.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 4.

Table 3.

Table 4.

Table 5.

Fig. 5.

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