Comparative Analysis of Certainty Factor and Analytic Hierarchy Process for Landslide Susceptibility Zonation in Parts of Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India

Adil Ahmad Magray; Kanwarpreet Singh; Swati Sharma

doi:10.14746/quageo-2023-0020

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Comparative Analysis of Certainty Factor and Analytic Hierarchy Process for Landslide Susceptibility Zonation in Parts of Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India

Quaestiones Geographicae

Volume 42 (2023): Issue 2 (June 2023)

By: Adil Ahmad Magray, Kanwarpreet Singh and Swati Sharma

Open Access

|Jun 2023

Figures & Tables

Thematic layers of causative factors: aspect, curvature, drainage density, lithology, rainfall, lineament density, LULC, slope and soil.

Table 1.

Numerical weights of AHP (CR – consistency ratio).

Factors comparison	–1	–2	–3	–4	–5	–6	–7	–8	–9	–10	Normalised Eigen weight Wk
Slope	1										0.2109
Aspect	0.5	1									0.0672
Curvature	0.33	7	1								0.0996
Land use and land cover	0.2	0.11	0.14	1							0.0368
Lithology	0.14	0.33	0.11	0.17	1						0.0187
Soil	0.11	7	3	9	9	1					0.1631
Drainage density	1	5	5	3	4	3	1				0.1889
Lineament density	0.33	1	7	5	9	0.14	0.2	1			0.1038
Rainfall	0.22	0.14	0.22	3	7	0.33	0.11	0.17	1		0.1065
CR = 0.76
Comparison of factor classes											Wik
Slope (°)
(1) 0–<15	1										0.0405
(2) 15–<25	3	1									0.0887
(3) 25–<35	3	3	1								0.1483
(4) 35–<45	5	3	3	1							0.2393
(5) >45	7	5	5	7	1						0.4829
CR = 0.079
Aspect
(1) Flat	1										0.0423
(2) North	2	1									0.0615
(3) Northeast	0.32	0.2	1								0.0189
(4) East	0.15	0.5	0.33	1							0.0256
(5) Southeast	1	3	5	5	1						0.0852
(6) South	3	5	7	3	5	1					0.2469
(7) Southwest	5	2	7	5	7	0.15	1				0.1552
(8) West	0.2	0.13	1	0.33	0	0.5	0.11	1			0.0145
(9) Northwest	1	0.5	9	5	1	0.11	0.33	3	1		0.0642
(10) North	7	5	7	7	3	1	5	7	9	1	0.2623
CR = 0.89
LULC
(1) Thickly vegetated forest area	1										0.0681
(2) Populated flat land	2	1									0.0864
(3) Less vegetated area	2	2	1								0.1116
(4) Moderately vegetated area	3	3	4	1							0.2131
(5) Barren land	2	4	2	2	1						0.2081
(6) Water body	3	3	3	3	3	1					0.3187
CR = 0.87
Curvature
(1) Concave	1										0.6763
(2) Flat	0.13	1									0.0728
(3) Convex	0.34	4	1								0.2507
CR = 0.032
Drainage density
(1) Low	1										0.5644
(2) Medium	0.5	1									0.549
(3) High	0.33	0.33	1								0.3011
CR = 0.05
Soil
(1) Coarse loamy	1										0.0854
(2) Fine loamy	1	1									0.1357
(3) Loamy sand	3	3	1								0.2568
(4) Loamy soil	9	2	3	1							0.5219
CR = 0.07
Lithology
(1) Quartzite	1										0.0137
(2) Shale	3	1									0.0284
(3) Siltstone, sandstone	0.5	0.33	1								0.0254
(4) Greywacke	0.2	0.14	0.2	1							0.0692
(5) Limestone	0.33	0.13	0.12	1	1						0.0403
(6) Lenticles of limestone	0.33	0.13	0.33	2	1	1					0.0327
(7) Quartzite	2	7	9	7	3	7	1				0.0668
(8) Shale, dolomite, tuff with dolerite	0.12	0.33	0.5	7	3	3	0.14	1	7		0.0471
CR = 0.097
Rainfall (mm)
(1) 60–234	1										0.0129
(2) 234–437	3	1									0.0156
(3) 437–611	0.33	0.5	1								0.0453
(4) 611–745	0.12	0.14	0.5	1							0.0529
(5) 745–854	0.5	9	0.14	7	1						0.0987
CR = 0.073
Lineament density
(1) Low	1										0.0399
(2) Medium	2	1									0.0632
(3) High	3	3	1								0.0746

AHP model based Landslide Hazard Zonation map.

Table 2.

Numerical weights of certainty factor (CF).

Causative factors	Categories	Value	Cell count	Landslide count	PPA	PPS	CF
Aspect	Flat	1	22,655	17	0.001	0.0008	–0.11
	North	2	22,368	9	0.000	0.0008	–0.52
	Northeast	3	18,085	23	0.001	0.0008	0.34
	East	4	22,260	32	0.001	0.0008	0.42
	Southeast	5	26,489	12	0.000	0.0008	–0.46
	South	6	29,490	56	0.002	0.0008	0.56
	Southwest	7	31,371	33	0.001	0.0008	0.20
	West	8	28,629	4	0.000	0.0008	–0.83
	Northwest	9	26,444	20	0.001	0.0008	–0.10
	North	10	27,083	8	0.000	0.0008	–0.65
Curvature	Concave	1	43,901	27	0.001	0.0008	–0.27
	Flat	2	149,442	125	0.001	0.0008	0.00
	Convex	3	61,531	62	0.001	0.0008	0.20
Drainage density	Low	1	39,566	53	0.001	0.0008	0.37
	Medium	2	141,605	116	0.001	0.0008	–0.02
	High	3	73,682	45	0.001	0.0008	–0.27
Line density	Low	1	78,363	43	0.001	0.0008	0.35
	Medium	2	121,167	113	0.001	0.0008	0.10
	High	3	54,470	57	0.001	0.0008	0.00
Lithology	White-grey quartzite, schist and carbonaceous dolomite	1	76,929	136	0.002	0.0008	0.53
	Shale, slate, sandstone, quartzite and conglomerate	2	55,002	14	0.000	0.0008	–0.69
	Shale, siltstone, sandstone and conglomerate	3	1090	42	0.039	0.0008	0.98
	Shale, siltstone, quartzite and greywacke	4	1451	17	0.012	0.0008	0.93
	Shale, siltstone and limestone	5	66,064	3	0.000	0.0008
	Shale with lenticles of limestone	6	25	0	0.000	0.0008	–1.00
	Quartzite	7	499	0	0.000	0.0008	–1.00
	Phyllite, quartzite, shale, dolomite and tuff with dolerite	8	1456	0	0.000	0.0008	–1.00
	Limestone and dolomitic limestone with shale	9	31,718	0	0.000	0.0008	–1.00
	Grey sand, silt and clay	10	6376	0	0.000	0.0008	–1.00
	Green, carbonaceous shale, limestone and quartzite	11	816	0	0.000	0.0008	–1.00
	Diamictite, shale, quartzite, dolomite	12	2200	0	0.000	0.0008	–1.00
	Carbonaceous slate, phyllite, schist, lst. and quartzite	13	437	0	0.000	0.0008	–1.00
	Carbonaceous shale, slate and greywacke	14	6464	0	0.000	0.0008	–1.00
	Argillaceous limestone, limestone and shale	15	4186	0	0.000	0.0008	–1.00
Soil	Coarse loamy	1	13,074	138	0.011	0.0008	0.92
	Fine loamy	2	232,569	75	0.000	0.0008	–0.62
	Loamy sand	3	506	1	0.002	0.0008	0.58
	Loamy	4	8706	0	0.000	0.0000
Slope	0–15°	1	39,010	9	0.000	0.0008	–0.73
	15–25°	2	63,822	30	0.000	0.0008	–0.44
	25–35°	3	71,048	51	0.001	0.0008	–0.15
	35–45°	4	57,153	62	0.001	0.0008	0.23
	>45°	5	23,841	62	0.003	0.0008
Rainfall	60–234 mm	1	32,135	138	0.004	0.0002	0.96
	234–437 mm	2	25,246	38	0.002	0.0002	0.87
	437–611 mm	3	32,912	34	0.001	0.0002	0.81
	611–745 mm	4	137,645	3	0.000	0.0002	–7.84
	745–854 mm	5	878,021	0	0.000	0.0002	–1.00
LULC	Ag	1	10,952	152	0.014	0.0008	0.94
	BL	2	66,546	16	0.000	0.0008	–0.71
	FA	3	116,814	11	0.000	0.0008	–7.88
	LFA	4	38,384	13	0.000	0.0008	–0.59
	RA	5	17,666	2	0.000	0.0008	–0.86
	WB	6	4534	19	0.004	0.0008	0.80

Certainty Factor Model based Landslide Hazard Zonation map.

Area under curve validation graphs for AHP (a) and CF (b) models.

References

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/quageo-2023-0020 | Journal eISSN: 2081-6383 | Journal ISSN: 2082-2103 (formerly 0137-477X)

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Language: English, German

Page range: 5 - 18

Submitted on: Dec 4, 2022

Published on: Jun 27, 2023

Published by: Adam Mickiewicz University

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

landslide,

analytic hierarchy process,

certainty factor,

landslide susceptibility,

area under the curve

Related subjects:

Geosciences,

Geography

© 2023 Adil Ahmad Magray, Kanwarpreet Singh, Swati Sharma, published by Adam Mickiewicz University
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 42 (2023): Issue 2 (June 2023)

Comparative Analysis of Certainty Factor and Analytic Hierarchy Process for Landslide Susceptibility Zonation in Parts of Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Table 1.

Fig. 3.

Table 2.

Fig. 4.

Fig. 5.

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