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Sources of Mapping used in Humanitarian Emergencies: The Case of Ebola Cover

Sources of Mapping used in Humanitarian Emergencies: The Case of Ebola

Quaestiones Geographicae
Volume 41 (2022): Issue 4 (December 2022)
By: José Antonio Barra Martínez,  Francisco José Morales-Yago and  María Luisa de Lázaro-Torres  
Open Access
|Dec 2022

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1

Capture from https://hxlstandard.org United Nations’ HXL (screenshot).Source: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.
Capture from https://hxlstandard.org United Nations’ HXL (screenshot).Source: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

Fig. 2

Maps provided by WHO. a – 2003 epidemic in Mbomo, Republic of Congo (Congo Brazza). b – 2004 epidemic in Yambio, then Sudan, now South Sudan.Source: own elaboration based on https://www.who.int/data/gho/map-gallery-search-results?&maptopics=22730bde-25e7-49e9-ae78-8ee9cdd6f65c (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0).WHO – World Health Organization.
Maps provided by WHO. a – 2003 epidemic in Mbomo, Republic of Congo (Congo Brazza). b – 2004 epidemic in Yambio, then Sudan, now South Sudan.Source: own elaboration based on https://www.who.int/data/gho/map-gallery-search-results?&maptopics=22730bde-25e7-49e9-ae78-8ee9cdd6f65c (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0).WHO – World Health Organization.

Fig. 3

WHO Dashboard for the 2018 epidemic in Bikoro (DRC).Source: data portal and mapping, Ebola outbreak response. https://ebolaoutbreak2018-who.opendata.arcgis.com/ (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0).DRC – Democratic Republic of the Congo; WHO – World Health Organization.
WHO Dashboard for the 2018 epidemic in Bikoro (DRC).Source: data portal and mapping, Ebola outbreak response. https://ebolaoutbreak2018-who.opendata.arcgis.com/ (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0).DRC – Democratic Republic of the Congo; WHO – World Health Organization.

Fig. 4

Map from the WHO SITREP.Source: https://www.afro.who.int/health-topics/disease-outbreaks/outbreaks-and-other-emergencies-updates (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0).WHO – World Health Organization.
Map from the WHO SITREP.Source: https://www.afro.who.int/health-topics/disease-outbreaks/outbreaks-and-other-emergencies-updates (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0).WHO – World Health Organization.

Fig. 5

Result of a search for the term Ebola in the list of activations of the Emergency Management Service of the Copernicus system (screenshot).Source: European Union https://emergency.copernicus.eu/mapping/list-of-activations-rapid.
Result of a search for the term Ebola in the list of activations of the Emergency Management Service of the Copernicus system (screenshot).Source: European Union https://emergency.copernicus.eu/mapping/list-of-activations-rapid.

Fig. 6

Countries with access to Charter services in March 2021 (dark blue).Source: International Charter Space and Major Disasters, p. 54. https://disasterscharter.org/documents/10180/14622/20th-Charter-Annual-Report.pdf.
Countries with access to Charter services in March 2021 (dark blue).Source: International Charter Space and Major Disasters, p. 54. https://disasterscharter.org/documents/10180/14622/20th-Charter-Annual-Report.pdf.

Fig. 7

Preparatory screen in Field Papers to obtain a map in a pdf format of the city of Beni, North Kivu Province (DRC).Source: http://fieldpapers.org/compose#13/0.4983/29.4689.DRC – Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Preparatory screen in Field Papers to obtain a map in a pdf format of the city of Beni, North Kivu Province (DRC).Source: http://fieldpapers.org/compose#13/0.4983/29.4689.DRC – Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Fig. 8

Mapping improvement Ebola projects carried out by HOT.Source: HOT https://tasks.hotosm.org/explore.HOT – Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team.
Mapping improvement Ebola projects carried out by HOT.Source: HOT https://tasks.hotosm.org/explore.HOT – Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team.

Fig. 9

Map provided by MapAction for a sector of Freetown (Sierra Leone) overlaying Ebola cases with building density.Source: https://maps.mapaction.org/dataset/232-3611.
Map provided by MapAction for a sector of Freetown (Sierra Leone) overlaying Ebola cases with building density.Source: https://maps.mapaction.org/dataset/232-3611.

Fig. 10

Affected health zones are given in red.Source: map prepared by the authors based on the sources cited in the text.
Affected health zones are given in red.Source: map prepared by the authors based on the sources cited in the text.

Results of the double search performed with the terms ‘Democratic Republic of the Congo’ and ‘Ebola’ in the HDX database_

Information foundOrganisation providing dataDate of update
Sanitation facilities in the provinces of North Kivu, South Kivu and IturiWHO19 March 2021
Administrative boundaries of the health areas of North Kivu, South Kivu and Ituri provincesWHO7 November 2019
Administrative boundaries of the health zones of the DRCRéférentiel Géographique Commun (the now defunct website created at the time by the DRC government to unify georeferenced information about the country)4 March 2021
Level 1 and 2 health administrative boundaries (zones and health areas) of the DRCWHO open data platform for the May 2018 Ebola outbreakUndated
Administrative boundaries of the health zones of the province of Equateur (DRC) and of the health areas of the districts of Bikoro and Wangata in the same provinceDRC Delegation in the UNOCHA6 September 2018

WHO bulletins consulted for locating Ebola mapping_

Report nameOrganisation that publishes dataContent/web link
Weekly Epidemiological Record/Relevé Épidémiologique HebdomadaireWHOWeekly report that collects information on various infectious diseases and provides an overview of the status of each one. https://www.who.int/publications/journals/weekly-epidemiological-record
External Situation Report, SITREPWHOThis contains specific information on the current status of a given epidemic outbreak, and is sometimes updated daily, depending on the severity of the outbreak. It is located on web pages designed to address specific epidemics or, more generally, on the WHO institutional repository (2021), known as the Institutional Repository for Information Sharing (IRIS). https://apps.who.int/iris/?locale-attribute=en&
Outbreaks and Emergencies BulletinWHO (Regional Office for Africa)Weekly updates data on active outbreaks in Africa. https://www.afro.who.int/health-topics/disease-outbreaks/outbreaks-and-other-emergencies-updates
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/quageo-2022-0035 | Journal eISSN: 2081-6383 | Journal ISSN: 2082-2103
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Language: English
Page range: 73 - 87
Submitted on: Sep 24, 2021
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Published on: Dec 29, 2022
Published by: Adam Mickiewicz University
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
mapping,
epidemics,
Ebola,
humanitarian aid,
emergencies,
georeferencing
Related subjects:
Geosciences,
Geography

© 2022 José Antonio Barra Martínez, Francisco José Morales-Yago, María Luisa de Lázaro-Torres, published by Adam Mickiewicz University
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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