Factor Analysis of the Polish Version of Godspeed Questionnaire (GQS)

Szczepanowski, Remigiusz; Niemiec, Tomasz; Cichoń, Ewelina; Arent, Krzysztof; Florkowski, Marcin; Sobecki, Janusz

doi:10.14313/jamris/2-2022/13

Abstract

The rapid development of robotics involves human-robot interaction (HRI). It is a necessary to assess user satisfaction to develop HRI effectively. Thus, HRI calls for interdisciplinary research, including psychological instruments such as survey questionnaire design. Here, we present a factor analysis of a Polish version of the Godspeed Questionnaire (GSQ) used to measure user satisfaction. The questionnaire was administered to 195 participants. Then, factor analysis of the GSQ was performed. Finally, reliability analysis of the Polish version of the GSQ was done. The adapted version of the survey was characterized by a four-factor structure, i.e., anthropomorphism, perceived intelligence, likeability, and perceived safety, with good psychometric properties.

References

K. Arent, M. Cholewinìski, Łukasz Chojnacki, W. Domski, M. Drwiȩga, J. Jakubiak, M. Janiak, B. Kreczmer, A. Kurnicki, B. Stanìczyk, and D. Szczȩsìniak-Stanìczyk, “Selected Topics in Design and Application of a Robot for Remote Medical Examination with the Use of Ultrasonography and Ascultation from the Perspective of the REMEDI Project”, Journal of Automation, Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems, vol. 11, no. 2, 2017, 82–94, 10.14313/JAMRIS_2-2017/20.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
K. Arent, M. Gakis, J. Sobecki, and R. Szczepanowski, “Toward Emotion Recognition Embodied in Social Robots: Implementation of Laban Movement Analysis into NAO Robot”, Journal of Automation, Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems, vol.11, no.4, 2017, 3–7, 10.14313/JAMRIS_4-2017/31.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
K. Arent, J. Jakubiak, M. Drwiȩga, M. Cholewinìski, G. Stollnberger, M.Giuliani, M. Tscheligi, D. Szczȩsìniak-Stanìczyk, M. Janowski, W. Brzozowski, and A. Wysokinìski, “Control of mobile robot for remote medical examination: Design concepts and users’ feedback from experimental studies”. In: 2016 9th International Conference on Human System Interactions (HSI), vol.., 2016, 76–82, 10.1109/HSI.2016.7529612.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
K. Arent, J. Kruk-Lasocka, T. Niemiec, and R. Szczepanowski, “Social robot in diagnosis of autism among preschool children”. In: 2019 24th International Conference on Methods and Models in Automation and Robotics (MMAR), vol.., 2019, 652–656, 10.1109/MMAR.2019.8864666.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
K. Arent, M. Wnuk, andM. Kabała, “Towards the Therapeutic Spherical Robot: Design, Programming and Control”. In: Eighth International IFAC Symposium on Robot Control. Proceedings, vol. 8, 2006.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
C. Bartneck, T. Belpaeme, F. Eyssel, T. Kanda, M. Keijsers, and S. Sabanovicì, Human-Robot Interaction: An Introduction, Cambridge University Press, 2020, 10.1017/9781108676649.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
C. Bartneck, D. Kulicì, E. Croft, and S. Zoghbi, “Measurement instruments for the anthropomorphism, animacy, likeability, perceived intelligence, and perceived safety of robots”, International Journal of Social Robotics, vol. 1, no. 1, 2009, 71–81, 10.1007/s12369-008-0001-3.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
C. Bartneck and M. Rauterberg, “HCI Realityan’Unreal Tournament’?”, Int. J. Hum. -Comput. Stud., vol. 65, no. 8, 2007, 737–743, 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2007.03.003.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
R. Budzinìski, J. Kȩdzierski, and B. Weselak. Problemyrobotyki. Materiały XI Krajowej Konferencji Robotyki. Prace Naukowe, Elektronika:z. 175, tom1, chapter Social robot head Samuel-construction (inPolish). OficynaWydawniczaPolitechnikiWarszawskiej, 2010. ISSN:0137-2343.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
D. A. Dillman. The Logic and Psychology o fConstructing Questionnaires, chapter chapter 9. Routledge, 2008.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
A. Field, Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics, Sage Publications Ltd., 2013.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
J. Kȩdzierski, P. Kaczmarek, M. Dziergwa, and K. Tchonì, “Design for a Robotic Companion”, International Journal of Humanoid Robotics, vol. 12, no. 01, 2015.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
J. Kȩdzierski, R. Muszynski, C. Zoll, A. Oleksy, and M. Frontkiewicz, “EMYS—Emotive Head of a Social Robot”, International Journal of Social Robotics, vol. 5, 2013, 237–249.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
D. T. Kenrick, S. L. Neuberg, and R. B. Cialdini, Social psychology: Unraveling the mystery (3rd ed.), Pearson Education New Zealand, 2005.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Y.-F. Kuo, C.-M. Wu, and W.-J. Deng, “The relationships among service quality, perceived value, customer satisfaction, and post-purchase intention in mobile value-added services”, Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 25, no. 4, 2009, 887–896, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2009.03.003, Including the Special Issue: The Use of Support Devices in Electronic Learning Environments.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
J. R. Lewis, “IBM Computer Usability Satisfaction Questionnaires: Psychometric Evaluation and Instructions for Use”, International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, vol.., 1995, 57–78.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
J. R. Lewis, B. S. Utesch, and D. E. Maher. UMUX-LITE: When There’s No Time for the SUS, 2099–2102. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2013.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
A. Moussaoui, A. Pruski, and B. Cherki, “Interaction management between social angents and human”, Journal of Automation, Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems, vol. 5, no. 1, 2013, 8–17.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
T. Nomura, T. Kanda, and T. Suzuki, “Experimental investigation into influence of negative attitudes toward robots on human–robot interaction”, AI & Society, vol. 20, 2006, 138––150.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
K. Oatley, D. Keltner, and J. M. Jenkins, Understanding Emotions, 2nd Edition, Wiley-Blackwel, 2006.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
N. Piçarra, J.-C. Giger, G. Pochwatko, and J. Mozaryn, “Designing social robots for interaction at work: Socio-cognitive factors underlying intention to work with social robots”, Journal of Automation, Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems, vol. 10, no. 4, 2016, 17–26, 10.14313/JAMRI_42016/28.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
G. Pochwatko, J.-C. Giger, M. Roìżanìska-Walczuk, J. Świdrak, K. Kukiełka, J. Możaryn, and N. Piçarra, “Polish Version of the Negative Attitude Toward Robots Scale (NARS-PL)”, Journal of Automation, Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems, vol. 9, no. 3, 2015, 65–72, 10.14313/JAMRIS_2-2015/25.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
A. Steinfeld, T. Fong, D. Kaber, M. Lewis, J. Scholtz, A. Schultz, and M. Goodrich, “Common Metrics for Human-Robot Interaction”. In: Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCHI/SIGART Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, vol.., New York, NY, USA, 2006, 33–40, 10.1145/1121241.1121249.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
A. Sutcliffe. “Designing for User Engagement: Aesthetic and Attractive User Interfaces”. In: Synthesis Lectures on Human-Centered Informatics, volume 2, 1–55. Springer Cham, 2009.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
K. Sydor and K. Arent. Problemy robotyki. Materiały XI Krajowej Konferencji Robotyki. Prace Naukowe, Elektronika: z. 175, tom 1, chapter FROGIT: a socially interactive robot (in Polish). Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Warszawskiej, 2010. ISSN: 0137-2343.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
R. Szczepanowski, E. Cichoń, K. Arent, J. Sobecki, P. Styrkowiec, M. Florkowski, and M. Gakis, “Education biases perception of social robots”, European Review of Applied Psychology, vol. 70, no. 2, 2020, 100521, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erap.2020.100521.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
A. Weiss and C. Bartneck, “Meta Analysis of the Usage of the Godspeed Questionnaire Series”. In: 2015 24th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (ROMAN), vol.., 2015, 381–388, 10.1109/ROMAN.2015.7333568.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
“DREAM - Development of Robot-Enhanced therapy for children with AutisM spectrum disorders”. Project website.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
“FELICE - Flexible Assembly Manufacturing with Human-Robot Collaboration and Digital Twin Models”. Project website.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
“LIREC - LIving with Robots and intEractive Companions”. Project website.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
“RAMCIP - Robotic Assistant for MCI Patients at home”. Project website.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
“ReMeDi - Remote Medical Diagnostician”. Project website.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Factor Analysis of the Polish Version of Godspeed Questionnaire (GQS)

Abstract

Paradigm

My account