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Machine Learning–Driven Classification of Text-Based Cybercrime under the Indian IT ACT Cover

Machine Learning–Driven Classification of Text-Based Cybercrime under the Indian IT ACT

Open Access
|Jun 2026

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Cybercrime complaints reported in India during 2012 and 2022 [2]

Figure 2.

Cybercrime complaints reported and pending during the years 2018-2022 [2]

Figure 3.

Types of cybercrime registered during the year 2023 under the Indian IT Act [12]

Figure 4.

Proposed methodology

Figure 5.

Distribution of dataset

Figure 6.

Word cloud for Section 43A

Figure 7.

Word cloud for Section 66E

Figure 8.

Word cloud for Section 72A

Figure 9.

Performance analysis for different models

Comparison of existing algorithms

Author(s)Dataset UsedAlgorithmEfficiencyIT / IPC Detected
Alami & Elbeqqali (2015) [19]Microblog dataText mining + SVMNot detailedNo
Mbaziira & Jones (2016) [20]Deceptive cybercrime textLinguistics + MLMediumNo
Kumari etal. (2018) [21]Labeled text samplesNLTK, Scikit-learnModerateNo
Andleeb etal. (2019) [22]MySpace bullying textsText mining + MLNot detailedNo
Ch etal. (2020) [23]State-wise crime statsSVM, Decision TreeGoodNo
K. veena et al. (2022) [24]Cybercrime reportsSVMHighPotential
Pandey etal. (2022) [25]Custom labeled reportsEnsemble (RF, NB, etc.)High (noted)No

Section-based cybercrime classification result analysis

SectionAlgoPrecisionRecallF1-ScoreSupport
66ERF1.0001.0001.00047
GB1.0001.0001.000
ECS1.0001.0001.000
72ARF0.7000.9030.78931
GB0.6670.9030.767
ECS0.7000.9030.789
43ARF0.9270.7600.83550
GB0.9230.7200.809
ECS0.9270.7600.835

Performance comparison of models

AlgoAccuracyPrecisionRecallF1-ScoreAUC
RF0.840.840.840.840.94
GB0.840.830.840.850.93
ECS0.860.860.860.860.94
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14313/jamris-2026-020 | Journal eISSN: 2080-2145 | Journal ISSN: 1897-8649
Language: English
Page range: 63 - 70
Submitted on: Sep 25, 2025
Accepted on: Oct 23, 2025
Published on: Jun 24, 2026
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2026 Sukrati Agrawal, Hare Ram Sah, Rajesh Kumar Nagar, published by Łukasiewicz Research Network – Industrial Research Institute for Automation and Measurements PIAP
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.