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A Novel Model-Free Control Technique for Angular Motion of a Single Ducted-Fan Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Cover

A Novel Model-Free Control Technique for Angular Motion of a Single Ducted-Fan Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

By: Thien Minh Tran  
Open Access
|Jun 2025

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

The yaw motion control concept of the single ducted-fan UAV
The yaw motion control concept of the single ducted-fan UAV

Figure 2.

The proposed controller TDE-ISMC’s diagram
The proposed controller TDE-ISMC’s diagram

Figure 3.

Tracking the performance of trapezium wave type (a) reference
Tracking the performance of trapezium wave type (a) reference

Figure 4.

Tracking the performance of trapezium wave type (b) reference
Tracking the performance of trapezium wave type (b) reference

Figure 5.

Error of tracking the performance of trapezium wave type (a) reference
Error of tracking the performance of trapezium wave type (a) reference

Figure 6.

Error of tracking the performance of trapezium wave type (b) reference
Error of tracking the performance of trapezium wave type (b) reference

Figure 7.

Control signal input of four actuators of TDE-ISMC (type a)
Control signal input of four actuators of TDE-ISMC (type a)

Figure 8.

Control signal input of four actuators of SMC (type a)
Control signal input of four actuators of SMC (type a)

Figure 9.

Control signal input of four actuators of TDE-ISMC (type b)
Control signal input of four actuators of TDE-ISMC (type b)

Figure 10.

Control signal input of four actuators of SMC (type b)
Control signal input of four actuators of SMC (type b)

Figure 11.

Tracking the performance of sine wave type (c) reference
Tracking the performance of sine wave type (c) reference

Figure 12.

Tracking the performance of sine wave type (d) reference
Tracking the performance of sine wave type (d) reference

Figure 13.

Error of tracking the performance of sine wave type (c) reference
Error of tracking the performance of sine wave type (c) reference

Figure 14.

Error of tracking the performance of sine wave type (d) reference
Error of tracking the performance of sine wave type (d) reference

Figure 15.

Control signal input of four actuators of TDE-ISMC (type c)
Control signal input of four actuators of TDE-ISMC (type c)

Figure 16.

Control signal input of four actuators of SMC (type c)
Control signal input of four actuators of SMC (type c)

Figure 17.

Control signal input of four actuators of TDE-ISMC (type d)
Control signal input of four actuators of TDE-ISMC (type d)

Figure 18.

Control signal input of four actuators of SMC (type d)
Control signal input of four actuators of SMC (type d)

RMSE and ITAE in scenario #2 (sine waves)_

ReferenceRMSEITAE
Type (c)Type (d)Type (c)Type (d)
TDE-ISMC1.03194.25620.04650.1311
SMC24.686137.51851.32342.0241

RMSE and ITAE in scenario #1 (trapezium waves)_

ReferenceRMSEITAE
Type (a)Type (b)Type (a)Type (b)
TDE-ISMC0.52230.52260.02540.0252
SMC0.99672.51760.03840.0825
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14313/jamris-2025-012 | Journal eISSN: 2080-2145 | Journal ISSN: 1897-8649
Language: English
Page range: 34 - 40
Submitted on: Feb 26, 2024
Accepted on: May 9, 2024
Published on: Jun 26, 2025
Published by: Łukasiewicz Research Network – Industrial Research Institute for Automation and Measurements PIAP
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2025 Thien Minh Tran, published by Łukasiewicz Research Network – Industrial Research Institute for Automation and Measurements PIAP
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.