Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login

References

  1. Allan , J. D. , Alfarra , M. R. , Bower , K. N. , Coe , H. , Jayne , J. T. and co-authors . 2006 . Size and composition measurements of backround aerosol and new particle growth in a Finnish forest during QUEST 2 using an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer. Atmos. Chem. Phys 6 , 315 - 327 .
  2. Back , J. , Hari , P. , Hakola , H. , Juurola , E. and Kulmala , M . 2005 . Monoterpene emissions in Pinus sylvestris are independent of pho-tosynthesis in spring. Boreal Environ. Res . 10 , 409 424 .
  3. Bellouin , N ., Boucher , O. , Tame , D. and Dubovik , O. 2003 . Aerosol absorption over the clear-sky oceans deduced from POLDER-1 and AERONET observations . Geophys. Res. Lett . 30 , 1748. doi: 10.1029/2003GL017121 .
  4. Berglen , T. E , Myhre , G. , Isaksen , I. S. A. , Vestreng , V. and Smith , S. J . 2007 . Sulphate trends in Europe: are we able to model the recent observed decrease? Tellus 59B , 773 786 .
  5. Berndt , T ., Boge , O. , Stratmann , E , Heintzenberg , J. and Kulmala , M . 2005 . Rapid formation of sulfuric acid particles at near-atmospheric conditions. Science 307 , 698 - 700 .
  6. Bilde , M. and Pandis , S. N . 2001 . Evaporation rates and vapor pressures of individual aerosol species formed in the atmospheric oxidation of a- and b-pinene . Environ. Sci. Technol . 35 , 3344 3349 .
  7. Bilde , M. Svenningsson , B. , Monster , J. and Rosenorn , T. 2003 . Even-odd alternation of the C3-C9 dicarboxylic acids. Environ. Sci. Technol . 37 , 1371 - 1378 .
  8. Boy , M ., Hellmuth , O. , Korhonen , H. , Nilsson , E. D. , ReVelle , D. and co-authors . 2006 . MALTE — Model to predict new aerosol formation in the lower troposphere. Atmos. Chem. Phys . 6 , 4499 - 4517 .
  9. Brasseur , G. P. and Roeckner , E ., 2005 . Impact of improved air quality on the future evolution of climate. Geophys. Res. Lett 32 , doi: 10.1029/2005GL023902 .
  10. Cappa , C. D. , Lovejoy , E. R. and Ravishankara , A. R.J . 2007 . Determination of evaporation rates and vapor pressures of very low volatility compounds: a study of the C4-C10 and C12 dicarboxylic acids . Phys. Chem. A . 111 , 3099 3109 , doi: 10.1021/jp068686qS1089-5639(06)08686-5 .
  11. Charlson , R. J. , Seinfeld , J. H. , Nenes , A. , Kulmala , M. , Laaksonen , A. and co-authors . 2001 . Atmospheric science - reshaping the theory of cloud formation. Science 292 ( 5524 ), 2025-2026 .
  12. Chung , C. E. , Ramanathan , V. , Kim , D. and Podgomy , I. A . 2005 . Global anthropogenic aerosol direct forcing derived from satel-lite and ground-based observations . J. Geophys. Res . 110 , D24207 , doi: 10.1029/2005JD006356 .
  13. Crosier , J. , Allan , J. D. , Coe , H. , Bower , K. N. , Formenti , P. , and co-authors . 2007 . Chemical composition of summertime aerosol in the Po Valley (Italy), northern Adriatic and Black Sea. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc . 133 ,61-75.
  14. Dal Maso , M. , Kulmala , M. , Riipinen , I. , Wagner , R. , Hussein , T. and co-authors . 2005 . Formation and growth of fresh atmospheric aerosols: eight years of aerosol size distribution data from SMEAR II, Hyytiälä, Finland. Boreal Environ. Res . 10 , 323 - 336 .
  15. Dal Maso , M. , Sogacheva , L. , Aalto , P. P. , Riipinen , I. , Komppula , M. and co-authors . 2007 . Aerosol size distribution measurements at four Nordic field stations: identification, analysis and trajectory analysis of the new particle formation bursts. Tellus B 59 (3) , 350 - 361 .
  16. Facchini , M. C. , Mircea , M. , Fuzzi , S. and Charlson R. J . 1999 . Cloud albedo enhancement by surface-active organic solutes in growing droplets . Nature , 401 , 257 259 .
  17. Forster , P. , Ramaswamy , V. , Artaxo , P. , Bemtsen , T. , Betts , R. and co-authors . 2007 . Changes in atmospheric constituents and in radiative forcing. In: Climate change 2007: The physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergonmental Panel on Climate Change (eds. S . Solomon , D Qin , M . Manning , Z . Chen , M. Marquis , K. B. Averyt , M . Tignor and H. L. Miller ) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA .
  18. Fuentes , J. D ., Lerdau , M. , Atkinson , R. , Baldocchi , D. , Bottenheim , J. W. and co-authors . 2000 . Biogenic hydrocarbons in the atmospheric boundary layer: a review. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc . 81 , 1537 - 1575 .
  19. Gelencser , A. , May , B. , Simpson , D. , Sanchez-Ochoa , A. , Kasper-Giebl , A. and co-authors . 2007 . Source apportionment of PM2.5 or-ganic aerosol over Europe: Primary/secondary, natural/anthropogenic, and fossil/biogenic origin. J. Geophys. Res . 112 , D23504, doi: 10.1029/2006JD008094 .
  20. Ghan , S. J. and Schwartz , S. E . 2007 . Aerosol properties and processes. A path from field and laboratory measurements to global climate models. Bull. Am. Meterol. Soc . 88 , 1059 1083 .
  21. Gibbard , S. , Caldeira , K. , Bala , G. , Phillips , T. J. and Wickett , M . 2005 . Climate effects of global land cover change. Geophys. Res. Lett . 32 , L23705 , doi: 10.1029/2005GL024550 .
  22. Grace , J. and Rayment , M . 2000 . Respiration in the balance. Nature 404 , 819 820 .
  23. Grini , A. , Korhonen , H. , Lehtinen , K. E. J. , Isaksen , I. and Kulmala , M . 2005 . A combined photochemistry/aerosol dynamics model: model development and a study of new particle formation. Boreal Environ. Res . 10 , 525 541 .
  24. Gu , L. , Baldocchi , D. , Verma , S. B. , Black , T. A. , Vesala , T. and co-authors . 2002 . Advantages of diffuse radiation for terrestrial ecosystem productivity. J. Geophys. Res ., 107(D6), doi: 10.1029/2001JD001242 .
  25. Hand , J. L. and Maim , W. C . 2007 . Review of aerosol mass scattering efficiencies from ground-based measurements since 1990. J. Geophys. Res . 112 , D16203 , doi: 10.1029/2007JD008484 .
  26. Hari , P. and Kulmala , M . 2005 . Station for measuring ecosystems - atmosphere relations (SMEAR II) . Boreal Environ. Res . 10 , 315 - 322 .
  27. Hari , P . and Mäkeld , A. 2003 . Annual pattern of photosynthesis in Scots pine in boreal zone . Tree Physiol . 23 , 145 155 .
  28. Hari , P. , Raivonen , M. , Vesala , T. , Munger , J. V. , Pilegaard , K. and co-authors . 2003 . Ultraviolet light and leaf emission of NOR. Nature 422 , 134 .
  29. Hirsikko , A. , Laakso , L. , Hörrak , U. , Aalto , P. P. , Kerminen , V.-M. and co-authors . 2005 . Annual and size dependent variation of growth rates and ion concentrations in boreal forest. Boreal Environ. Res . 10 , 357 - 369 .
  30. Hoyle , C. R. , Bemtsen , T. K. , Myhre , G. and Isaksen , I . S.A . 2007 . Secondary organic aerosol in the global aerosol- chemistry transport model Os1oCTM2. Atmos. Chem. Phys . 7 , 5675 5694 .
  31. Hussein , T. , Korhonen , H. , Herrmann , E. , Hämeri , K ., Lehtinen , K. E. J. and co-authors . 2005 . Emission rates due to indoor activities: indoor aerosol model development, evaluation, and applications. Aerosol Sci. Technol . 39 , 1111 - 1127 .
  32. Hörrak , U. , Tammet H. , Aalto , P. P. and Kulmala , M . 2004 . On the charge distribution on nanometer aerosol particles in the atmosphere during nucleation burst events at boreal forest. Report Series in Aerosol Science , Volume 68 , Helsinki, Finland , 94 - 99 .
  33. IPCC , 2001 . The Scientific Basis. A report of Working Group I of the Intergovernmental panel on climate change. in: Climate Change 2001 . Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (eds. J. T. Houghton , Y. Ding , D. J. Griggs , M. Noguer , P. J. van de Linden and D . Xiaosu ) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, USA, 881 pp .
  34. IPCC . 2007 . The Scientific Basis. A report of Working Group I of the In-tergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. In: Climate Change 2007 : The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (eds. S . Solomon , D . Qin , M . Manning , Z . Chen , M . Marquis , K. B . Averyt , M . Tignor and H. L. Miller ). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA .
  35. Joutsensaari , J. , Loivamäki , M. , Vuorinen , T. , Miettinen , P. , Nerg , A.-M. and co-authors . 2005 . Nanoparticle formation by ozonol-ysis of inducible plant volatiles. Atmos. Chem. Phys . 5 , 1489-149 5 .
  36. Kaufman , Y. J. , Tanre , D. and Boucher , O . 2002 . A satellite view of aerosols in the climate system. Nature 419 , 215 - 223 .
  37. Kaufman , Y. J. , Koren , I. , Remer , L. A. , Rosenfeld , D. and Rudich , Y . 2005 . The effect of smoke, dust, and pollution aerosol on shallow cloud development over the Atlantic Ocean. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102 (32) , 11 207 - 11 212 .
  38. Keppler , E , Hamilton , J. G.T. , Brass , M. and Röckmann , T . 2006 . Methane emissions from terrestrial plants under aerobic conditions. Nature 439 , 187 191 .
  39. Kerminen , V.-M. , Anttila , T ., Lehtinen , K. E.J. and Kulmala , M. 2004 . Parameterization for atmospheric new-particle formation: application to a system involving sulfuric acid and condensable water-soluble organic vapors. Aerosol Sci. Technol . 38 , 1001 - 1008 .
  40. Kerminen , V.-M. , Lihavainen , H. , Komppula , M. , Viisanen , Y. and Kul-mala , M . 2005 . Direct observational evidence linking atmospheric aerosol formation and cloud droplet activation. Geophys. Res. Lett . 32 , L14803 , doi: 10.1029/2005GL023130 .
  41. Kinne , S. , Schulz , M. , Textor , C. , Guibert , S. , Balkanski , Y. and co-authors . 2006 . An AeroCom initial assessment - optical properties in aerosol component modules of global models. Atmos. Chem. Phys 6 , 1815– 1834 .
  42. Kokkola , H. , Sorjamaa , R. , Peräniemi , A. , Raatikainen , T. , Laaksonen , A . 2006 . Cloud formation of particles containing humic-like substances. Geophys. Res. Lett . 33 , L10816 , doi: 10.1029/2006GL026107 .
  43. Kokkola , H. , Korhonen , H. , Lehtinen , K. E. J. , Makkonen , R. , Asmi , A. and co-authors . 2007 . SALSA - a sectional aerosol model for large scale applications. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss . 7 , 17 705 - 17 739 .
  44. Komppula , M. , Lihavainen , H. , Kerminen , V.-M. , Kulmala , M. and Vi-isanen , Y . 2005 . Measurements of cloud droplet activation of aerosol particles at a clean subarctic background site. J. Geophys. Res . 110 , D06204 , doi: 10.1029/2004J1)005200 .
  45. Koponen , I. K. , Riipinen , I. , Gaman , A. , Kulmala , M . and Bilde , M . 2007 . Thermodynamic properties of succinic, glutaric and malonic acids: evaporation rates and vapor pressures. Environ. Sci. Technol . 41 , 3926 - 3933 .
  46. Koren , I. , Kaufman , Y. J. , Rosenfeld , D. , Remer , L. A. and Rudich , Y . 2005 . Aerosol invigoration and restructuring of Atlantic convective clouds. Geophys. Res. Lett . 32 , L14828, doi: 10.1029/2005GL023187 .
  47. Korhonen , H. , Lehtinen , K. E. J . and Kulmala , M . 2004 . Aerosol dynamic model UHMA: model development and validation. Atmos. Chem. Phys . 4 , 757 - 771 .
  48. Korhonen , H. , Kerminen , V.-M. , Lehtinen , K. E. J . and Kulmala , M . 2005 . CCN activation and cloud processing in sectional aerosol mod-els with low size resolution. Atmos. Chem. Phys . 5 , 2561 - 2570 .
  49. Krejci , R. , Strom , J. , de Reus , M. , Williams , J. , Fischer , H . and co-authors . 2005 . Spatial and temporal distribution of the atmospheric aerosols in the lowermost troposphere over the Amazonian tropi-cal rainforest. Atmos. Chem. Phys . 5 , 1527 - 1543 , SRef-ID: 1680-7324/acp/2005-5-1527 .
  50. Kulmala , M . 2003 . How particles nucleate and grow. Science 302 , 1000 1001 .
  51. Kulmala , M. and Tammet , H . ( 2007 ) Finnish-Estonian air ion and aerosol workshops. Boreal Env. Res . 12 , 237 245 .
  52. Kulmala , M. , Laaksonen , A. , Charlson , R. J. and Korhonen , P . 1997 . Clouds without supersaturation. Nature 388 , 336 - 337 .
  53. Kulmala , M , Toivonen , A ., Maelä , J. M . and Laaksonen , A. , 1998 . Analysis of the growth of nucleation mode observed in Boreal forest. Tellus 50B , 449 - 462 .
  54. Kulmala , M. , Pirjola , L. and Mäkelä , J. M . 2000 . Stable sulphate clusters as a source of new atmospheric particles. Nature 404 , 66 - 69 .
  55. Kulmala , M. , Hämeri , K. , Aalto , P. P ., Mäkelä , J. M. , Pirjola , L . and co-authors . 2001 . Overview of the international project on Biogenic aerosol formation in the boreal forest (BIOFOR). Tellus 53B , 324 - 343 .
  56. Kulmala , M ., Vehkamäki , H. , Petäjä , T. , Dal Maso , M. , Lauri , A. , 2004a . Formation and growth rates of ultrafine atmospheric particles: a review of observations. J. Aerosol Sci . 35 , 143 - 176 .
  57. Kulmala , M. , Suni , T. , Lehtinen , K. E.J. , Dal Maso , M. , Boy , M . 2004b . A new feedback mechanism linking forests, aerosols and climate. Atmos. Chem. Phys . 4 , 557 - 562 .
  58. Kulmala , M. , Laakso , L. , Lehtinen , K. E. J. , Riipinen , I. , Dal Maso , M . and co-authors 2004c . Initial steps of aerosol growth. Atmos. Chem. Phys . 4 , 2553 - 2560 .
  59. Kulmala , M. , Lehtinen , K. E. J. , Laakso , L. , Mordas , G . and Hämeri , K. 2005a . On the existence of neutral atmospheric clusters. Boreal Environ. Res . 10 , 79 - 87 .
  60. Kulmala , M. , Hari , P ., Laaksonen , A. , Vesala , T . and Viisanen , Y . 2005b . Research unit of physics, chemistry and biology of atmospheric com-position and climate change: overview of recent results. Boreal Envi-ron. Res . 10 , 459 - 477 .
  61. Kulmala , M ., Petäjä , T. , Monkkonen , P. , Koponen , I. K. , Dal Maso , M . and co-authors . 2005c . On the growth of nucleation mode particles: source rates of condensable vapour in polluted and clean environ-ments. Atmos. Chem. Phys . S,409-416.
  62. Kulmala , M. , Lehtinen , K. E. J. and Laaksonen , A . 2006 . Cluster ac-tivation theory as an explanation of the linear dependence between formation rate of 3 nm particles and sulphuric acid concentration. Atmos. Chem. Phys . 6 , 787 - 793 .
  63. Kulmala , M. , Riipinen , I. , Sipilä , M. , Manninen , H. , Petäjä , T. and co-authors. 2007a. Towards direct measurement of atmospheric nucle-ation. Science 318 , 89-92, doi: 10.1126/science.1144124 .
  64. Kulmala , M. , Mordas , G ., Petäjä , T. , Grönholm , T. , Aalto , P. P. and co-authors 2007b. The condensation particle counter battery (CPCB): a new tool to investigate the activation properties of nanoparticles. J. Aerosol Sci . 38 , 289 - 304 .
  65. Kurten , T. , Torpo , L. , Ding , C.-G. , Vehkamäki , H. , Sundberg , M. R. and co-authors . 2007a . A density functional study on water-sulfuric-acid-ammonia clusters and implications for atmospheric cluster formation. J. Geophys. Res . 112 , D04210.
  66. Kurten , T. , Torpo , L. , Sundberg , M. R. , Kerminen , V.-M. , Vehkamäki , H. and co-authors . 2007 b. Estimation of the NH3 :H2504 ratio of nu-cleating clusters in atmospheric conditions using quantum chemical methods. Atmos. Chem. Phys . 7 , 2765 - 2773 .
  67. Kurten , T. , Noppel , M. , Vehkamai , H. , Salonen , M. and Kulmala , M . 2007c . Quantum chemical studies of hydrate formation of H2 SO4 and H504-. Boreal Env. Res . 12, 431 453 .
  68. Kvalevag , M. M. and Myhre , G . 2007 . Human impact on direct and diffuse solar radiation during the industrial era. J. Climate 20 , 4874 4883 .
  69. Laakso , L. , Petäjä , T. , Lehtinen , K. E. J. , Paatero , J. , Kulmala , M . and co-authors . 2004a . Ion production rate in a boreal forest based on ion, particle and radiation measurements. Atmos. Chem. Phys 4 , 1933– 1943 .
  70. Laakso , L. , Anttila , T. , Lehtinen , K. E. J. , Aalto , P. P. , Kulmala , M . and co-authors. 2004b . Kinetic nucleation and ions in boreal particle formation events. Atmos. Chem. Phys . 4 , 2353 - 2366 .
  71. Laaksonen , A. , Hamed , A. , Joutsensaari , J. , Hiltunen , L. , Cavalli , E and co-authors 2005 . Cloud condensation nucleus production from nucleation events at a highly polluted region. Geophys. Res. Lett . 32 , L06812, doi: 10.1029/2004GL022092 .
  72. Laaksonen , A. , Kulmala , M. , O'Dowd , C. D. , Joutsensaari , J. , Vaatto-vaara , P. and co-authors . 2007 . The role of VOC oxidation products in continental new particle formation. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss . 7 , 8141 - 8158 .
  73. Lehtinen , K. E. J. , Dal Maso , M. , Kulmala , M . and Kerminen , V.-M. 2007 . Estimating nucleation rates from apparent particle formation rates and vice-versa: revised formulation of the Kerminen-Kulmala equation. J. Aerosol Sci . 38 , 988 - 994 .
  74. Liepert , B. G . 2002 . Observed reductions of surface solar radiation at sites in the United States and worldwide from 1961 to 1990. Geophys. Res. Lett . 29(10), doi: 10.1029/2002GL014910 .
  75. Lihavainen , H. , Kerminen , V.-M. , Komppula , M. , Hatakka , J. , Aaltonen , V . and co-authors . 2003 . Production of “potential” cloud condensa-tion nuclei associated with atmospheric new-particle formation in northern Finland./. Geophys. Res . 108(D24), 4782.
  76. Lohmann , U. and Feichter , J. 2005 . Global indirect aerosol effects: a review. Atmos. Chem. Phys . 5 , 715 - 737 .
  77. Magnani , E , Mencuccini , M. , Borghetti , M. , Berbigier , P ., Beminger , E and co-authors . 2007 . The human footprint in the carbon cy-cle of temperate and boreal forests. Nature 447 (7146), 848-852, doi: 10.1038/nature05847 .
  78. Merikanto , J. , Vehkamai , H . and Zapadinsky , E . 2004 . Monte Carlo simulations of critical cluster sizes and nucleation rates for water. J. Chem. Phys . 121 , 914 - 924 .
  79. Merikanto , J. , Napari , I. , Vehkamäki , H. , Anttila , T . and Kulmala , M . 2007 . New parameterization of sulfuric acid-ammonia-water ternary nucleation rates at tropospheric conditions. J. Geophys. Res . 112 , D15207.
  80. Metzger , S. , Dentener , E , Pandis , S. and Lelieveld , J. 2002 . Gas/aerosol partitioning: 1. A computationally efficient model. J. Geophys. Res . 107 (D16), doi: 10.1029/2001JD00102 .
  81. Metzger , S. , Mihalopoulos , N. and Lelieveld , J. 2006 . Importance of mineral cations and organics in gas-aerosol partitioning of reactive nitrogen compounds: case study based on MINOS results. Atmos. Chem. Phys . 6 , 2549 - 2567 .
  82. Mirme , A. , Tamm , E. , Mordas , G. , Vana , M. , Uin , J. and co-authors. 2007 . A wide range multi-channel air ion spectrometer. Boreal Env. Res . 12 , 247 - 264 .
  83. Mönkkönen , P. , Koponen , I. K. , Lehtinen , K. E. J , Hämeri , K. , Uma , R . and co-authors . 2005 . Measurements in a highly polluted Asian mega city: Observations of aerosol number size distribution, modal parameters and nucleation events. Atmos. Chem. Phys . 5 , 57 - 66 .
  84. Myhre , G. , Stordal , E , Johnsrud , M. , Ignatov , A. , Mischenko , M. I. and co-authors . 2004 . Intercomparison of satellite retrieved aerosol optical depth over the ocean. J. Atmos. Sci . 61 , 499 - 513 .
  85. Myhre , G. , Stordal , E , Johnsrud , M. , Diner , D. J. , Geogdzhayev , I. V. and co-authors . 2005 . Intercomparison of satellite retrieved aerosol optical depth over ocean during the period September 1997 to December 2000. Atmos. Chem. Phys . 5 , 1697– 1719 .
  86. Myhre , G. , Grini , A. and Metzger , S . 2006 . Modelling of nitrate and ammonium-containing aerosols in presence of sea salt. Atmos. Chem. Phys . 6, 4809 4821 .
  87. Myhre , G. , Bellouin , N. , Berglen , T. E , Bemtsen , T. K. , Boucher , O. , and co-authors . 2007a . Comparison of the radiative properties and direct radiative effect of aerosols from a global aerosol model and remote sensing data over ocean. Tellus 59B, 115 - 129 .
  88. Myhre , G. , Stordal , E , Johnsrud , M ., Kaufman , Y J. , Rosenfeld , D . and co-authors . 2007b . Aerosol-cloud interaction inferred from MODIS satellite data and global aerosol models. Atmos. Chem. Phys . 7 ,3081-3101.
  89. Nenes , A. , Charlson R. J. , Facchini , M. C. , Kulmala , M. , Laakso-nen , A. and co-authors . 2002 . Can chemical effects on cloud droplet number rival the first indirect effect? Geophys. Res. Lett . 29 , 1848, doi: 10.1029/2002GL015295 .
  90. O'Dowd , C. D. , Aalto , P. P. , Hämeri , K. , Kulmala , M . and Hoffmann , T . 2002a . Aerosol formation: atmospheric particles from organic vapours. Nature 416 , 497 - 498 .
  91. O'Dowd , C. D. , Jimenez , J. L. , Bahreini , R. , Flagan , R. C. , Seinfeld , J. H. and co-authors . 2002b . Marine aerosol formation from biogenic iodide emissions. Nature 417 , 632 - 636 .
  92. O'Dowd , C. D. , Jimenez , J. L. , Bahreini , R. , Flagan , R. C. , Seinfeld , J. H. and co-authors 2005 . Marine aerosols and iodine emissions (Reply). Nature 433 , E13—E14 .
  93. Pope , C. A., BI and Dockery , D. W. 2006 . Health effects of fine particu-late air pollution: lines that connect. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc . 56 , 709 - 742 .
  94. Pryor , S. C . 2006 . Size resolved particle deposition velocities of sub-100 nm diameter particles over a forest. Atmos. Environ . 40 , 6192 6200 .
  95. Pryor , S. C. , Larsen , S. E. , Sorensen , L. L. , Barthelmie , R. J. 2007a . Parti-cle fluxes above forests: observations, methodological considerations and method comparisons. Env. Pollut . 152 , 667 - 678 .
  96. Pryor , S. C. , Larsen , S. E. , Sorensen , L. L. , Barthelmie , R. J. , Grönholm , T. and co-authors. 2007b . Particle fluxes over forests: analyses of flux methods and functional dependencies. J. Geophys. Res . 112 , D07205, doi: 10.07210.01029/02006JD008066 .
  97. Pryor , S. C. , Gallagher , M. , Sievering , H. , Larsen , S. , Barthelmie , R. J. , and co-authors 2008. A review of measurement and modelling tools for quantifying particle atmosphere-surface exchange. Tellus 60B, 42 - 75 .
  98. Quinn , P. K. and Bates , T. S . 2005 . Regional aerosol properties: Com-parisons of boundary layer measurements from ACE 1, ACE 2, aerosols99, INDOEX, ACE asia, TARFOX, and NEAQS./. Geophys. Res . 110 , D14202 , doi: 10.1029/2004JD004755 .
  99. Riipinen , I. , Svenningsson , B. , Bilde , M . Gaman , A. , Lehtinen , K. E. J. and co-authors . 2006 . A method for determining thermophysical properties of organic material in aqueous solutions: succinic acid. Atmos. Res . 82 , 579 - 590 .
  100. Riipinen , I. , Sihto , S.-L. , Kulmala , M. , Arnold , E , Dal Maso , M . and co-authors . 2007a . Connections between atmospheric sulphuric acid and new particle formation during QUEST BI - IV campaigns in Hyytiälä and Heidelberg. Atmos. Chem. Phys . 7 , 1899-1914, SRef-ID: 1680-7324/acp/2007-7-1899.
  101. Riipinen , I. , Koponen , I . K., Frank , G. P. , Hyvärinen , A. P. , Vanhanen , J. and co-authors . 2007b . Adipic and malonic acid aqueous solutions: surface tensions and saturation vapor pressures. J. Phys. Chem. A . 111(50), 12995-13 002. doi: 10.1021/jp073731v .
  102. Rissler , J. , Vestin , A. , Swietlicki , E. , Fisch , G. , Zhou , J. and co-authors . 2006 . Size distribution and hygroscopic properties of aerosol particles from dry-season biomass burning in Amazonia. Atmos. Chem. Phys . 6 ,471-491.
  103. Romakkaniemi , S. , Kokkola , H. and Laaksonen , A . 2005a . Parameteri-zation of the nitric acid effect on CCN activation. Atmos. Chem. Phys . 5 , 879 885 .
  104. Romakkaniemi , S. , Kokkola , H. and Laaksonen , A . 2005b . Soluble trace gas effect on cloud condensation nuclei activation: influence of initial equilibration on cloud model results. J. Geophys. Res . 110 , doi: 10.1029/2004JD005364 .
  105. Schulz , M. , Textor , C. , Kinne , S. , Balkanski , Y. , Bauer , S. and co-authors . 2006 . Radiative forcing by aerosols as derived from the AeroCom present-day and pre-industrial simulations. Atmos. Chem. Phys . 6 , 5225 - 5246 .
  106. Shindell , D. T. , Faluvegi , G. , Bauer , S. E. , Koch , D. M. , Unger , N. and co-authors . 2007 . Climate response to projected changes in short-lived species under an AlB scenario from 2000-2050 in the GISS climate model. J. Geophys. Res . 112 , D20103, doi: 10.1029/2007JDO08753 .
  107. Sihto , S.-L. , Kulmala , M. , Kerminen , V.-M. , Dal Maso , M. , Petäjä , T. and co-authors . 2006 . Atmospheric sulphuric acid and aerosol formation: implications from atmospheric measurements for nucleation and early growth mechanisms . Atmos. Chem. Phys . 6 , 4079 - 4091 .
  108. Slinn , W . 1982 . Predictions for particle deposition to vegetative canopies. Atmos. Environ , 16 , 1785 1794 .
  109. Smith , J. N. , Moore K. E , Esiele , E L. , Ghimire , A. K. , Sakurai , H. and co-authors . 2005 . Chemical composition of atmospheric nanoparticles during nucleation events in Atlanta. J. Geophys. Res . 110 , D22503, doi: 10.1029/2005JD005912 .
  110. Sogacheva L. , Dal Maso M. , Kerminen V.-M. and Kulmala M . 2005 . Probability of nucleation events and aerosol particle concentration in different air mass types arriving at Hyytiälä, southern Finalnd, based on back trajectory analysis. Boreal Environ. Res . 10, 479 491 .
  111. Sorjamaa , R. and Laaksonen , A . 2006 . The influence of surfactant prop-erties on critical supersaturations of cloud condensation nuclei. J. Aerosol Sci . 37 , 1730 1736 .
  112. Sorjamaa , R. , Svenningson , B. , Raatikainen , T. , Henning , S. , Bilde , M . and co-authors . 2004 . The role of surfactants in Kohler theory recon-sidered. Atmos. Chem. Phys . 4 , 2107 - 2117 .
  113. Spracklen , D. V. , Carslaw , K. S. , Kulmala , M. , Kerminen , V.-M. , Mann , G. W. and co-authors . 2006 . The contribution of boundary layer nu-cleation events to total particle concentrations on regional and global scales. Atmos. Chem. Phys . 6 , 5631 - 5648 .
  114. Stanhill , G. and Cohen , S . 2001 . Global dimming: a review of the evi-dence for a widespread and significant reduction in global radiation with discussion of its probable causes and possible agricultural con-sequences. Agri.l Forest Meteorol . 107 , 255 278 .
  115. Stier , P ., Feichter , J. , Roeckner , E. , Kloster , S . and Esch , M . 2006 . The evolution of the global aerosol system in a transient climate simulation from 1860 to 2100. Atmos. Chem. Phys . 6 ,3059-3076.
  116. Svenningsson , B. , Rissler , J. , Swietlicki , E. , Mircea , M. , Bilde , M . and co-authors . 2006 . Hygroscopic growth and critical supersaturations for mixed particles of inorganic and organic compounds of atmospheric relevance. Atmos. Chem. Phys . 6 , 1937– 1952 .
  117. Swietlicki , E. , Hansson , H.-C. , Hämeri , K. , Massling , A. , Petäjä , T. and co-authors . 2008 . Hygroscopic properties of sub-micrometer at-mospheric aerosol particles measured with h-tdma instruments in various environments — a review. Tellus 60B, doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2008.00350.x .
  118. Textor , C. , Schulz , M. , Guibert , S. , Kinne , S ., Balkanski , Y and co-authors . 2006 . Analysis and quantification of the diversities of aerosol life cycles within AeroCom. Atmos. Chem. Phys . 6 , 1777– 1813
  119. Textor , C. , Schulz , M. , Guibert , S. , Kinne , S. , Balkanski , Y. and co-authors . 2007 . The effect of harmonized emissions on aerosol proper-ties in global models — an AeroCom experiment. Atmos. Chem. Phys . 7 ,4489-4501.
  120. Tunved , P. , Strom , J . and Hansson , H. C . 2004a . An investigation of processes controlling the evolution of the boundary layer aerosol size distribution properties at the Swedish background station Aspvreten. Atmos. Chem. Phys . 4 ,2581-2592.
  121. Tunved , P. , Korhonen , H. , Strom , J. , Hansson , H-C. , Lehtinen , K. E. J. and co-authors. 2004b . A pseudo-Lagrangian model study of the size distribution properties over Scandinavia: transport from Aspvreten to Irani& Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss . 4 , 7757 - 7794 .
  122. Tunved , P. , Hansson , H. C. , Kerminen , V.-M. , Strom , J. , Dal Maso , M . and co-authors . 2006a . High natural aerosol loading over boreal forests. Science 312,261-263.
  123. Tunved , P. , Korhonen , H. , Strom , J. , Hansson , H-C. , Lehtinen , K. E. J. and co-authors . 2006b . Is nucleation capable of explaining observed aerosol integral number increase during southerly transport over Scan-dinavia? Tellus 58B, 129 - 140 .
  124. Valentini , R. , Matteucci , G. , Dolman , A. J. , Schulze , E.-D. , Rebmann , C . and co-authors . 2000 . Respiration as the main determinant of carbon balance in European forests. Nature 404 , 861 - 865 .
  125. Vana , M. , Tamm , E. , Hörrak , U. , Mirme , A. , Tammet , H. and co-authors . 2006 . Charging state of atmospheric nanoparticles during the nucle-ation burst events. Atmos. Res . 82 , 536 - 546 .
  126. Vestreng , V. , Myhre , G. , Fagerli , H. , Reis , S. and Tarrason , L . 2007 . Twenty-five years of continuous sulphur dioxide emission reduction in Europe. Atmos. Chem. Phys . 7 , 3663 3681 .
  127. Wild , M. , Gilgen , H. , Roesch , A. , Ohmura , A. , Long , C. N. and co-authors . 2005 . From dimming to brightening: Decadal changes in solar radiation at Earth's surface. Science 308 , 847 - 850 .
  128. Winkler , P. M. , Vrtala , A. , Wagner , P. E. , Kulmala , M. , Lehtinen , K. E. J. and co-authors. 2004 . Mass and thermal accommodation during gas-liquid condensation of water. Phys. Rev. Lett . 93(7), doi: 10.1103/physRevLett.93.075701 .
  129. Zardini , A. A. , Krieger , U. K. and Marcolli , C ., 2006 . White light Mie resonance spectroscopy used to measure very low vapor pressures of substances in aqueous solution aerosol particles. Optics Express 14 , 6951 6962 .
Language: English
Page range: 300 - 317
Submitted on: Nov 30, 2007
Accepted on: Mar 6, 2008
Published on: Jan 1, 2008
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2008 Markku Kulmala, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Ari Laaksonen, Ilona Riipinen, Mikko Sipilä, Taina M. Ruuskanen, Larisa Sogacheva, Pertti Hari, Jaana Bäck, Kari E. J. Lehtinen, Yrjö Viisanen, Merete Bilde, Birgitta Svenningsson, Mihalis Lazaridis, Kjetil Tørseth, Peter Tunved, E. Douglas Nilsson, Sara Pryor, Lise-Lotte Sørensen, Urmas Hõrrak, Paul M. Winkler, Erik Swietlicki, Marja-Liisa Riekkola, Radovan Krejci, Christopher Hoyle, Øystein Hov, Gunnar Myhre, Hans-Christen Hansson, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.